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from the summer work !!!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mary Whiton Calkins | First American woman to be noticed in the field. Completed enough to have a ph.d but was declined due to gender. Established Wellesley as one of the earliest lab experiments for psych. First woman elected president of American Psychological Association. |
| Mary Whiton Calkins Ideas | She dealt with emotion, color theory, consciousness and dreams. Her theory was self psychology and said the conscious self is the center of psychology. She went against behaviorism. |
| Carl Rogers | Completed a ph.d and MA while contemplating child study and attempting doctorate in psychology. Originated the non-directive approach to psychotherapy. |
| Carl Rogers Ideas | Went against behaviorism, and said human's only goal is to reach their best version of themselves (humanist). He believed everyone is born good and creative then poor self conception ruins it for some. |
| William Wundt | Known as the founder of experimental psychology to study learning, memory, and cognition in humans and animals. |
| William Wundt Ideas | He believed in reductionism (consciousness could be reduced to basic elements without sacrificing all properties). Also interested in structuralism and argued conscious mental states could be studied with introspection. |
| Margaret Floy Washburn | Got a ph.d in 1894 in psychology and became the first woman to receive a doctorate in Americans psych. The second woman to become the president of the American Psychologist Association. |
| Margaret Floy Washburn Ideas | Research focused on animal behavior and basic psychological processes of perception. She made the Motor Theory that says all thought can be traced to body movement. |
| B.F Skinner | Invented the AirCrib baby tender to provide optimal environments for child growth in first 2 years. Also invented the Skinner Box and influenced a generation of psychologists. |
| B.F Skinner Ideas | Animal research led him to formulate programmed learning. He was influenced by behaviorism and human nature. Believed learning was the result of conditioning processes. Main idea was child learn due to their behaviors. |
| Charles Darwin | He was an agnostic (skeptic). His theories became the foundation of modern evolution studies. |
| Charles Darwin Ideas | Natural Selection. He defined evolution as "descent with modification" as species changed over time to adapt to environments. |
| William James | Leader of pragmatism, a psychological movement. Founded functionalism (explains how societies maintained stability to continue existence). |
| William James Ideas | James-Lange theory of emotion: human experience of emotion comes from psychological changes in responses to external events. Believes consciousness is personal and ever changing. |
| G. Stanley Hall | Gave direction to develop psych in America and earned first ph.d from Harvard for psych ever given in the US. Discovered value of American Psychological Association president. |
| G. Stanley Hall Ideas | Father and founder of child and educational psychology due to Darwin's evolution theory. Believed that children repeat cultural evolution in play. Before 8, a child is freely expressing spirits and only later should be formally taught. |
| Sigmund Freud | Father of psychology and was the founder of psychoanalysis. Named most influential intellectual thinker of his age. |
| Sigmund Freud Ideas | Psychoanalysis formed by idea of human psyche. Believes in the unconscious mind where it is a reservoir of thoughts, memories, and emotions. Claimed life and death dictated human behavior and theory said there are 5 growth stages. |
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