click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psy 311: exam 2
physiological psychology chapters 6-12
Term | Definition |
---|---|
anterior | front |
posterior | back |
dorsal | above |
ventral | below |
lateral | towards the outside |
medial | toward the middle |
proximal | things are close together |
distal | things are far apart |
afferent | carrying towards |
efferent | carrying away |
sagittal | front to back |
axial | horizontal |
coronal | vertical |
myelinated neurons are ______ and more _________ | faster; efficient |
___-__________ or gray areas are where most __________ occurs | non-myelinated; processing |
myelinated neurons are known as the ________ of the brain | highways |
two features of myelinated neurons are that they move ______ and are ____ efficient | faster; more |
non-myelinated neurons are the area where most __________ occurs | processing |
the forebrain contains which two parts of the brain? | telencephalon & diencephalon |
the midbrain contains what part of the brain? | mesencephalon |
the hindbrain contains which two parts of the brain? | metencephalon & myelencephalon |
which two parts of the brain are part of the brain stem? | medulla and pons |
the reticular activating system is important for which three functions? | arousal, sleep, and conciousness |
injury to the reticular activating system can cause a ____ or the inability to _____ | coma; sleep |
the cerebellum, or the little brain, is responsible for which two functions? | coordination & memory |
the inferior colliculus is responsible for ________, while the superior colliculus is responsible for ______ | audition; vision |
the thalamus is also known as the | smart relay station |
the cerebral cortex houses four brain lobes. name each brain lobe | frontal, parietal, occipital, & temporal |
the occipital lobe is responsible for ______ | vision |
the temporal lobe is responsible for _______ and ______________ | hearing; identification |
the parietal lobe is responsible for _______ and __________ | sensory; perception |
the frontal lobe is responsible for ___________ and higher functions | personality |
the hippocampus stores highly charged _________ ________ | emotional memories |
the amygdala controls your _____ and _________ | mood & attitudes |
the hypothalamus controls _________ behaviors. it is also responsible for controlling the _________ gland | motivated; pituitary |
the basal ganglia is our _____ system | motor |
structural is like an image, while __________ is like a video | functional |
a CT scan can be called either a CAT scan or as an _-___ ________ __________ | x-ray computed tomography |
a _________ ___________ is a contrast agent detectable with x-rays and can be injected into the bloodstream | cerebral angiography |
an MRI scan has the best contrast between ____ _______ of the _____ | soft tissues; brain |
microelectrodes are made with tips so fine that they can measure the activity of __________ _______ | individual neurons |
an MEG, or a _______________________ measures changes in extremely small naturally occuring ________ _____ | magnetoencephalography; magnetic field |
a PET scan, or ________ ________ __________, is a radioactive tracer that is biologically active is injected into the bloodstream and absorbed by _____ ______ | positron emission tomography; brain tissue |
an fMRI scan, or a __________ ________ ________ _______, provides a BOLD, or a _____-______-_____ _________ signal | functional magnetic resonance imaging; blood-oxygen-level dependent |
_______ resolution tells you the area of the brain which is being activated, while ________ resolution tells you when the activation happened | spatial; temporal |
the dorsal stream is the ____ while the ventral stream is the ____ | where; what |
are the mullerian ducts a sex organ of females or males? | females |
are the wolffian ducts a sex organ of females or males? | males |
what is the default gonads? | female |
the female hormone is _________ while the male hormone is _________ | estradiol; testosterone |
the sexually dimorphic nucleus in males increases both ________ and ___ | appetite; sex |
the sexually dimorphic nucleus in females is correlated with _______ __________ | partner preference |
the _________ has two parts, the periaqueductal gray and the lateral tegmental field | brainstem |
the periaqueductal gray is the part of the brain stem which helps women to do what? | relax during sex |
the lateral tegmental field is the part of the brainstem which activates what in men? | sex (or copulation) |
the ________ _______ helps recognize the state of our own bodies | anterior insula |
the ______-______ PFC is the command center that judges attractiveness | ventro-medial |
the ________ is involved in sexual behavior, aggression, and emotion | amygdala |
epigenetics examines how genes are activated and deactivated by _____________ factors | environmental |
is dna exchanged during epigenetics? | no |
damage to the posterior _______ ______ often causes unilateral neglect | parietal cortex |
what are the 3 primary senses? | vision, hearing, and touch |
unilateral neglect involves neglecting visual, auditory, and touch stimulation ________ of the hemisphere damaged | opposite |
the primary motor cortex divides the _______ and ________ lobes | frontal; parietal |
the extrapyramidal system has a role in ___________ the systems that control ________ | stabilizing; movement |
the extrapyramidal system helps to ______ action and _________ sensory information | direct; interpret |
what brain structure in responsible for forming a motor plan? | premotor cortex |
event-related potentials are created from ___ | EEG's |
the ____ is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules | fMRI |
what part of the parietal lobe is important for forming new memories based on touch | secondary somatosensory cortex |
what type of photoreceptor works best in low light? | rods |
what part of the eye holds the photorecptors rods and cones? | retina |
what brain structure is responsible for maintaining posture and balance? | cerebellum |
what characterizes parkinson's disease? | dying dopamine pathway |
the _____ includes the brainstem and cerebellum | hindbrain |
what brain structure forms new memories? | hippocampus |
body sensory information travels from the CNS via the spinal cord and travels to the ________ | thalamus |
what brain structure is important for learning and memory? | hippocampus |
_______ cells in the occipital cortex like to process motion | complex |
what photoreceptor is responsible for color vision? | cones |
the ___ gene determines male sexuality | SRY |