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AP Psych 9.19.23

TermDefinition
Empiricism the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.
Structuralism Early school of though promotes by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
Functionalism early school of thought promoted by James and influence by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function -- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Experimental Psychology the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
Behaviorism The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
Humanistic Psychology A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people.
Cognitive Neuroscience The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
Psychology The science of behavior and mental processes.
Nature-Nurture issue The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's scientists sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.
Natural selection The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Levels of analysis The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
Biopsychosocial Approach an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural level of analysis.
Behavioral Psychology The scientific study of observable behavior, and it's explanation by principles of learning.
Biological Psychology The scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neutral, hormonal) and psychological processes.
Cognitive Psychology The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Evolutionary Psychology the study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principals of natural selection.
Psychodynamic Psychology The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.
Social-Cultural Psychology The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
Psychometrics The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Basic Research Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
Developmental Psycholgy A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
Educational Psychology The study of how psychological processes affect and enhance teaching and learning.
Personality Psychology The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Social Psychology The scientific study of hoewwe think about, influence and relate to one another
Applies research Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology That application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Human Factors Psychology An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.
Counseling psychology A branch of psychology that assists people with problems of living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving a greater well-being.
Clinical Psychology A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
Psychiatry a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
Positive Psychology The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.
Community Psychology A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.
Wilhelm Wundt Father of psychology, went to Uni of Leipzig where he established the first psychology laboratory, rection time experiment, Hearing sound V.S conscious awareness of sound, Atoms of the mind.
Edward Titchener Student of Wundt, Structuralism -- wanted to understand the structure of the mind through: Introspection -- describe feelings when exposed it the carious stimuli, the "what" of the mind, "unreliable"
Williams James Besties with Charles Darwin (survival of the fittest), Functionalism -- explained how mental and behavioral function, enabling an organism to adapt/survive, Precursor to evolutionary approach of Charles Darwin
Mary Calkins James's Student, PhD candidate but turned down by Harvard because she was a woman, foremost memory researcher.
Margaret Floy Washburn 1st female PhD in psychology, prominent animal researcher, published "The Animal Mind"
Both women mentioned Both women were first two female presidents of APA, Published several works,
John B Watson and Rosalie Rayner Working with Rayner, Watson championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated who conditioned responses on a baby who became famous as "Little Albert"
B.F Skinner A leading behaviorist, Skinner rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape bahvior.
Sigmund Freud The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self-understanding.
Created by: KeilyAvila
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