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Psychobio ch4 terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Gene | unit of heredity, nucleotide sequence |
Chromosome | threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins |
DNA | polymer that carries genetic instructions for development |
RNA | polymeric molecule that regulates the formation of proteins |
Mitosis | cell division |
Genotype | genes that encode for a specific trait |
Phenotype | characteristics or trait encoded by genes |
Gene Expression | transcription of genes into proteins |
Dominant | expressed even when paired with recessive characteristics or trait encoded by genes |
Recessive | two pairs must be present |
Homozygous | having two identical alleges, or pairs of genes |
Heterozygous | having two different alleles |
Autosomal | traits on all chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes |
Sex linked | influenced by a single gene located on the sex chromosome |
Polygenic | requires multiple pairs of genes |
Variation | change in genetic code |
Copy number variation (CNV) | part of the genome is either deleted or duplicated |
Chromosome abnormalities | child receives more/less chromosomes than what is typically found |
Epigenesis | environmental influence on genetic expression |
Heritability | transfer of genetic traits |
Identical twins | monozygotic, single fertilized ovum divides into two individuals |
Fraternal twins | dizygotic, two fertilized ova |
Ectoderm | skin/nervous system tissue |
Mesoderm | outside layer of blastocyst |
Neurulation | process during embryonic stage of development (3 weeks) |
Neural Plate | segment of ectoderm that becomes central nervous system |
Proliferation | increase in total cell number that is achieved through growth and division |
Migration | extension of cells, movement of cell bodies |
Differentation | stem cells turning into different types |
Synaptogenesis | formation of connections |
Myelination | formation of myelin sheaths |
Cephalocaudal Principle | states that body growth works in a head-to-tail direction |