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PSYC Chapter Two

MTA PSYC 1011 Chapter Two: Research Methods

TermDefinition
Base Rate How common a trait or behavior is in the general population.
Between-Subjects Design When in an experiment, researchers assign different groups to the control or experimental condition.
Blind Being unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups.
Case Study Research design that examines one person (or small group) in depth over an extended time period.
Central Tendency The measure of the central scores in a dataset, or where the group tends to cluster.
Control Group The group of participants that do not receive the independent variable in an experiment.
Correlational Design A research design that examines how much two variables are associated.
Demand Characteristics Cues that participants pick up on that can allow them to guess the purpose of the study they're in.
Dependent Variable The variable that's measured to see the effects of the independent variable.
Descriptive Statistics Numerical characterizations that describe data.
Double-Blind When the researchers nor the participants are aware of who is in the experimental or control group.
Existence Proofs A demonstration that a psychological phenomenon can happen.
Experiment A research design that uses random assignment of participants to conditions and directly manipulates the independent variable. Can infer causation.
Experimental Group The group that receives the manipulation in an experiment.
Experimenter Expectancy Effect When a researcher's hypothesis leads them to unintentionally bias the outcome of a study.
External Validity How much we can generalize findings to real-world settings.
Heuristic A mental shortcut that streamlines our thinking to make sense of things in the world.
Illusory Correlation The perception of an association between two variables where none exists.
Independent Variable The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter.
Inferential Statistics Mathematical methods that allow us to determine if we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population.
Informed Consent Informing research participants of what is involved in a study before asking them to participate.
Internal Validity The extent to which we can make cause-and-effect relationships from a study.
Mean The average of scores. A measure of central tendency.
Median The middle score in a dataset. A measure of central tendency.
Meta-Analysis A statistical method that researchers use to interpret psychological literature.
Mode The most common score in a dataset. A measure of central tendency.
Naturalistic Observation Research by watching behavior in real-world settings, no manipulation from researcher.
Operational Definition The definition of what the researcher is measuring.
Placebo Effect Expecting improves leading to improvement.
Prefrontal Lobotomy A surgical procedure that cuts the fibers connecting the frontal lobes from the thalamus.
Random Assignment Randomly sorting participants into groups.
Random Selection Ensuring every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen for a study.
Range The difference between the highest and lowest scores. A measure of variability.
Reliability The consistency of measurement.
Response Sets The tendency of participants to change their response to questionnaires.
Scatterplot Grouping points on a graph in which each dot represents someone's data.
Standard Deviation Addresses how far each data point is from the mean. A measure of variability.
Statistics Using math to describe and analyze data.
Validity How well a measure assesses what its designed to measure.
Variability The measure of how loosely or tightly grouped scores are.
Within-Subject Design Each participant acts as their own control in an experiment.
Created by: calhouncouch
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