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PSC100 Chapter 1

What is Cognitive Psychology?

TermDefinition
affective primacy hypothesis the hypothesis that an emotional response typically precedes (comes before) cognitive interpretation
algorithmic level of analysis analytical framework centered on understanding the RULES, MECHANISMS, and REPRESENTATIONS the mind uses
behavioral neuroscience the branch of neuroscience that uses animal models to understand neural mechanisms underpinning behavior
behaviorism psychological movement characterized by its focus only on outwardly observable behavior
classical conditioning form of learning in which observable behavior changes in behavior result from learned associations between stimuli
cognition how the mind encodes, stores and uses information
cognitive map mental representation of locations within an individuals environment
cognitive neuroscience study of neural mechanisms of cognition and behavior
cognitive primacy hypothesis cognition interpretation typically precedes (comes before) an emotional response
cognitive psychology the scientific study of how the mind encodes, stores, and uses info
cognitive revolution period during the 1950s-1960s marked by rapid and radical shifts in approaches to the study of cognition
cognitive science formal effort to synthesize insights across diverse disciplines attempting to understand the mind
computational level of analysis analytical framework centered on understand WHAT the mind is trying to compute and WHY
computational modeling the use of mathematical functions to constrain and predict aspects of human cognition
computations the processing steps the brain performs on info about the environment
Fechner's Law the intensity of subjective experience of a stimulus increases in proportion to the stimulus's measurable intensity
forgetting curve an estimate of the rate at which info fades from memory
Functionalism historical movement that aligned itself with WILLIAM JAMES's focus on psychological functions
theory of constructed emotion the experience of emotion is one we construct based on EXTERNAL cues, BODILY cues, and our existing concepts and categories
Gestalt movement promoting the idea that conscious experience as a whole CANNOT be sufficiently explained by examining individual components
implementational level of analysis analytical framework centered on understanding how the brain PHYSICALLY ENABLES the processes of human cognition
information theory cross-disciplinary field that focuses on the processes by which info can be coded, stored, transmitted, and reconstructed
introspection a method of trying to objectively observe one's own mental experiences
just-noticeable difference the minimum perceptual difference between two stimuli (length, brightness, pitch) needed for the difference to be detected
operant conditioning learning in which observable changes in behavior result from associations between an organism's actions and desired or undesired outcomes
processes ways of encoding, transforming, storing, interpreting, and acting on information
psychophysics study of the relationship between physical stimuli and mental experience
punishments negative outcomes that decrease the likelihood that an action will be repeated
reinforcers positive outcomes that increase the likelihood that an action will be repeated
representations the mind's way of storing and processing information about the world
somatic marker hypothesis people learn to link their physiological responses to outcomes associated with their actions
structuralism movement, founded by WILHELM WUNDT, that focuses on the structural components of mental life
Turing machine hypothetical machine, proposed by Alan Turing, that could implement any conceivable calculation
Weber's Law first precise formula specifying the relationship between a physical aspect of the environment and the mind's ability to perceive it
Created by: user-1752726
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