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Unit 2
Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Serotonin | Function- Mood/ Hunger/ Sleep and arousal Undersupply - Depression |
| Dopamine | Function- Influences movement/ learning/ attention/ and emotion Oversupply - Schizophrenia |
| AcH | Function- Enables muscle action/ learning/ memory Undersupply - Alzheimer's |
| GABA | Function- A major inhibitory neurotransmitter Undersupply - Seizures/ tremors/ insomnia |
| Glutamate | Function- A major excitatory neurotransmitter/ involved in memory Oversupply - Migraines/ seizures |
| Cocaine | Stimulant Dopamine/ Overstimulation the cell Depleted the brains supply of dopamine/ serotonin |
| Meth | Stimulant Dopamine/ Mimics dopamine so it gets taken into the cell Irritability/ Insomnia/Seizures |
| THC (marijuana) | Hallucinogen Dopamine / dopamine can get into the synapse Relaxes/ Produces hig euphoria high |
| Caffeine | Stimulant Dopamine/ Serotonin - More dopamine Less serotonin Long term = lowered bone density |
| Alcohol | Depressant GABA/ Glutamate - Cell is less likely to fire Slowed reaction time/ Slurred speech |
| Pancreas | Releases insulin and regulates blood pressure |
| Pituitary gland | Regulates growth |
| Thyroid | Regulates metabolism |
| CT | Structure It gives you generated cross sectional images or "slices" |
| MRI | Structure It gives great information on the anatomy of the brain |
| fMRI | Function It measures oxygen from blood flow |
| PET | Function It detects the amount of glucose |
| Insomnia | Difficulty falling asleep/ Waking up in the middle of the night/ waking up to early Find the root of the issue and address it (don't rely on sleeping pills) |
| Narcolepsy | Excessive daytime sleepiness/ sleep paralysis/ changes in REM sleep Medication/ Preventative safety |
| SLeep Apnea | Loud snoring/ Morning headaches/mood changes Life style changes/ PAP machine |
| Night terrors | Sitting up in the middle of the night and looking scared/ screaming and yelling Typically outgrown |
| Somnambulism | Walking around in your sleep/ Talking in your sleep/ Sitting up with your eyes open mid night |
| Freudian | Dreams are an expression of unconscious wishes |
| Activation- synthesis | Dreams are the brain's way of synthesizing random neural activity |
| Information- Processing | Dreams may help sift/ soft and fix the day experiences in our memory |
| Agonist | Encourages reuptake |
| Antagonist | Blocks reuptake |
| Afferent neurons | Sensory neurons that take impulses toward the central nervous system and brain |
| Efferent neurons | carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and to the muscles |
| Amygdala | Linked to Aggression and fear |
| Hippocampus | Processes conscious, explicit memories |
| Hypothalamus | Maintains homeostasis- Temp / sexual behavior- "body's thermostat" |
| Medulla | if damaged Respiratory failure / paralasis/ lossof senstation |
| Pons | if damaged paralsis tot he whole bobdy |
| Thalamus | If damaged coma / Unconsciousness |
| Reticular function | If damaged irreversible coma |
| Cerebellum | If damaged uncoordinated movement/ imbalance/ issues with speech |
| Frontal lobe | Speaking/ judgement/ decision making/ impulse |
| Parietal lobe | Spatial organization/ sensory information |
| Occipital lobe | Receives information from opposite visual field of each eye |
| Temporal lobe | Auditory processing/ Auditory cortex |
| Central nervous system | Brain and spinal cord |
| Sympathetic nervous system | REsponds to dangerous/ stressful situations |
| Auditory nervous system | Involuntary physiological processes- Digestion/ blood pressure/ heart rate |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | The body's ability to relax - "rest and digest" |
| Peripheral nervous system | Nerves that branch off from the brain/ spinal cord |
| Somatic nervous system | Voluntary control of the body movements - SKeletal muscles |
| Endocrine system | Has many glands and organs |
| Plasticity | The ability to find new pathways around damaged areas of the brain |
| Connection of the two hemispheres are severed | The two hemispheres are no longer able to communicate |
| Left brain | Reads |
| Right brain | Interprets |
| Parallel processing | A deer runs in front of your car (how big is it, what do i have to do, how do i tell my body to do it) |
| Sequential processing | Learning to parallel park (You go through the steps) |
| Heritability | Variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes. |
| Epigenetics | The study of how the environment influences gene expression. Ex. Development of cancer for a smoker vs non smoker |
| Twin adoption studies | Help us to see how much of what we are is nature and how much is nurture |
| SLeep habits change as we age | Less time is spent in REM sleep |
| Why do we need sleep | - Supports growth - Evolutionary perspective - Recuperation - Consolidates memory - Feeds creativity |
| NREM 1 | Brief - "powering down" |
| NREM 2 | 20 minutes "sleep Spindles" |
| NREM 3 | 30 minutes - Brain emits large/ slow delta waves and you are hard to wake up |
| REM | Dreams |
| Sleep deprivation | Shorter lifespans/ Higher levels of anxiety/depression |
| Sleep cycle | REM- 1 - 2 - 3 - 2 - 1 -REM |
Created by:
Sophia154
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