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Psychology Vocab 1
Psychology Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes |
| behavior | any action that people can observe or measure |
| cognitive activities | mental processes |
| theory | a statement that attempts to explain why something is the way it is and happens the way it does |
| principle | a basic truth or law |
| structuralism | the school of psychology that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings |
| functionalism | the school of psychology that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes and what they accomplish for the individual |
| psychoanalysis | the school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts as determinants of human behavior |
| behaviorism | the school of psychology that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior |
| hypothesis | a prediction or assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research |
| replicate | to repeat a research study, usually with different participants and in different situations, to confirm the results of the original study |
| central nervous system | the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | the neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body including the muscles and glands |
| neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
| cell body (soma) | the part of a neuron that produces the energy needed for the activity of the cell |
| dendrites | the branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body |
| axon | a long tube like structure attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body |
| myelin or myelin sheath | a white, fatty substance that insulates axons and enables rapid transmission of neural impulses |
| axon terminals | small fibers branching out from an axon |
| synapse | the junction between the axon terminals of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron |
| neurotransmitters | a chemical messenger that carries impulses across the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| endocrine system | the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
| hormones | chemicals produced by the endocrine glands that regulate specific body functions |
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