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Psychology test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is module 8 about? | Consciousness, cognitive neuroscience, selective attention and two-track mind |
| What is module 9 about? | Biological rythms/sleep, why we sleep, sleep deprivation/disorders, and dreams |
| What is module 10 about? | Substance use: tolerance, addiction, types of psychoactive drugs, influences drug use |
| Consciousness | Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| What does consciousness allow us to do? | Helps us make sense of our life, when learning, awareness focuses our attention, back and forth between states. |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | Study of brain activity linked with our mental processes. |
| What does conscious experience do? | It allows for synchronized activity across the brain. |
| What is the cerebral workspace? | A super network that distributes information to and from other brain networks. |
| Selective Attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. |
| What is the cocktail party effect? | Your ability to attend to only one voice within a bunch of many. |
| Inattentional Blindness | When we fail to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere. |
| What is change blindness? | A form of inattentiomal blindness; failing to notice changes in environment. |
| Dual-processing | The idea that information is simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. |
| Blindsight | A condition in which a person can respond to visual stimuli without consciously experiencing it. |
| Parallel Processing | Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem. |
| Sequential Processing | Processing one stimulus at a time |
| Which processing type is better for taking care of routine business? | Parallel Processing |
| Which process is better for solving new problems? | Sequential Processing |
| What is sleep ? | A periodic natural loss of consciousness. |
| What is the circadian rythm? | Our biological clock; regular bodily rythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle. |
| What is REM sleep stage? | Rapid Eye Movement sleep which recurrs and where vivid dreams, muscle relaxation, and body systems are active. |
| What are alpha waves? | The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. |
| What is N1 sleep? | The first stage of non-REM sleep . |
| I hay happens during N1 sleep? | Irregular brain waves and you may experience hallucinations or have the sensation of falling. |
| What is N2 sleep? | Where you go through periodic sleep spindles which aid memory processing. |
| What is N3 sleep ? | Slow wave sleep |
| What happens during N3 sleep ? | 30 minutes where your brain emits slow delta waves and you are hard to awaken. |
| What is the order of sleep stages we normally travel through? | N1, N2, N3, then back to N2, before going to REM Sleep. |
| How long does the sleep cycle occur? | The sleep cycle repeats every 90 minutes mainly for young adults and becomes shorter for older adults. |
| What is first sleep? | A nightly sleep period where some people are awakened. |
| What is the SCN or Suprachiasmatic Nucleus? | It is a cluster of neurons located in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm. |
| What is melatonin ? | It is a sleep inducing hormone. |
| What are the five theories for why we sleep? | It protects, recuperates, restored and rebuilds memories, creative thinking, and supports physical growth. |
| What does sleep deprivation do to you? | Increase in ghrelin, increase cortisol, increase risk of heart disease. |
| What are REM dreams? | They often emotional and bizarre stories. |
| How many bits of information are consciously processed? | Only 40 of 11,000,000 |
| What are things that capture our limited attention? | Things we seem important |
| What is inattentional blindness a by product of? | Of our ability to focus attention on some part of our environment. |
| What happens to your perception when you are asleep? | It is still open a crack |
| What happens to your brain cortex when you sleep? | Consciousness fades as different parts of our brains cortex stops communicating. |
| What is the state during alpha waves? | A relaxed awake state |
| How much do newborns sleep? | They sleep 16 hours |
| What do night workers experience? | Chronic state of desychronization from biological clock. |
| What is the sleep protects function? | When the ancestors thought of sleeping in dark carves out of harms way. |
| How does sleep help us recuperate? | Gives your body and brain a chance to repair, rewire, and reorganize. |
| How does sleep help us restore memories? | Memories are consolidated by being replayed. |
| How does sleep support growth ? | In slow wave sleep the pituitary gland releases a human growth hormone. |
| What is the hormone that arouses hunger? | Ghrelin |
| What is the hormone that suppresses hunger? | Leptin |
| What is cortisol? | Stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat and decrease metabolic rate. |
| What are REM dreams? | Vivid, emotional, and often bizarre. |
| How do nightmares help with trauma? | They help extinguish day time fears. |
| What does research say about learning a foreign language while sleeping? | We do not remember recorded information played while we are soundly asleep. |
| What is the Freudian interpretation of dreams? | He believed that we dream to satisfy our own wishes. |
| What is the filling away memories of dreams theory? | Information processing perspective; memory processing files. |
| What is the preservation of neural pathways dream theory? | Developmental sense; experiences expand neural pathways and preserve neural pathways. |
| What is the making sense of neural static dream theory? | Activation synthesis theory; dreams are brains attempt to synthesize random neural activity |
| Substance abuse disorders | A disorder characterized by continued substance use despite life disruptions. |
| Psychoactive drugs | A chemical substance that alters brain, changes in mood, and perception. |
| Depressants | Drugs like alcohol that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. |
| What characterizes alcohol use disorder? | Prolonged and excessive drinking. |
| How can alcohol become a potent sedative? | When paired with sleep deprivation. |
| Barbiturates | Drugs that depress CN activity, reduce anxiety, and impair memory/ judgment |
| Opiods | Opium and derivatives; depress neural activity lessen pain and anxiety. |
| Stimulants | Drugs that excite neural activity and speed body functions. |
| Cocaine | |
| Addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant | |
| Methamphetamine | Stimulant that stimulates CNS with accelerated body functions |
| MDMA | Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen |
| Hallucinogens | Psychedelic drug that distorts perceptions and evokes sensory images |
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