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Psychology Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neuron | Fundamental unit of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input |
| dendrite | Part of the neuron receives input from other cells |
| Axon | thin fiber that connects neurons so that they can communicate |
| Axon terminal | small swelling that are found at the terminal ends of an axon. Where neurotransmitters are stored when communicating with other neurons |
| Action Potential | When a neuron sends info down an axon, away from the cell body |
| Resting Potential | Electric potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron when its not excited or in a resting state |
| All-or-None Principal | When neurons send signals it is always the same strength no matter how long it charges up |
| Synapse | A small gap between neurons that allows info to cross |
| Neurotransmitter | The Chemicals released by the axon end or axon terminal of a neuron to transmit the impulse to the next neuron |
| Excitatory Effect | When the neuron is prompted or more likely to share the info with the next neuron |
| Inhibitory Effect | When the probability is less likely that the info is passed to the next neuron |
| Receptor Cells | nerve endings in your body which react to changes/stimuli and tell your body how to react to it |
| Neuron | Fundamental unit of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input |
| dendrite | Part of the neuron receives input from other cells |
| Axon | thin fiber that connects neurons so that they can communicate |
| Axon terminal | small swelling that are found at the terminal ends of an axon. Where neurotransmitters are stored when communicating with other neurons |
| Action Potential | When a neuron sends info down an axon, away from the cell body |
| Resting Potential | Electric potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron when its not excited or in a resting state |
| All-or-None Principal | When neurons send signals it is always the same strength no matter how long it charges up |
| Synapse | A small gap between neurons that allows info to cross |
| Neurotransmitter | The Chemicals released by the axon end or axon terminal of a neuron to transmit the impulse to the next neuron |
| Excitatory Effect | When the neuron is prompted or more likely to share the info with the next neuron |
| Inhibitory Effect | When the probability is less likely that the info is passed to the next neuron |
| Receptor Cells | nerve endings in your body which react to changes/stimuli and tell your body how to react to it |
| Sensory Nerves | Nervous that help transport information about your surroundings to your central nervous system |
| Interneurons | They carry sensory info and regulate motor activity |
| Central Nervous System | Your brain and spinal cord, it is responsible for processing and in taking info and tell your body how to react |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Network of nerves that runs throughout the head, neck, and body. It carries messages to and from the central nervous system |
| Somatic Nervous System | sensory and motor nerves. It's responsible for reflex |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Many peripheral nerves that help you do the things that you don't think about like heart rate and breathing |
| Sympathetic Division | Your body's fight or flight response |
| Parasympathetic Division | Responsible for the body's rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding |
| Endocrine system | a series of glads that produce chemicals called hormones |
| Hormone | chemical messengers released from endocrine glands that influence the nervous system to regulate behavior |
| Pituitary Gland | the 'Master Gland' |
| Case Study | In-depth study of one person, group, or event. Usually regarding an unusual phenomenon or biographic event |
| CT or CAT Scan | a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and Computer tech to produce images of the inside of the brain and body |
| MRI | using magnetic tech to study functions of the brain (or any living tissue) without surgery |
| EEG | Recording of brain activity |
| PET | Imaging to evaluate cerebral metabolism and blood flow as well as the binding and transport of neurotransmitter systems in the brain |
| Brainstem | The bottom of your brain that consents the brain and the spinal cord. Helps send signals from your brain to the rest of your body |
| Medulla | The lowest part of the brain, at the base of the brain stem. Helps control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure |
| Reticular Formation | Sub serves autonomic, motor, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and mood-related functions in the bottom of the brain stem |
| Thalamus | egg-shaped structure in the middle of the brain responsible for motor functions |
| Cerebellum | a major structure of the hind brain that is located neat the brain stem, most directly responsible for coordinating voluntary movements |
| Limbic System | The part of the brain that is responsible for behavioral and emotional responses |
| Hypothalamus | very small part of the brain that controls fundamental things like body temp, eating, and drinking |
| Hippocampus | complex brain structure in the temporal lobe responsible for memory |
| Amygdala | major processing center for emotions |
| Cerebral Cortex | The outer layer of your brain the carries out essential functions of your brain like, memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness and sensory function. |
| Longitudinal Fissure | separates the human brain into two hemispheres |
| Corpus Callosum | the part of the brain that runs across the Longitudinal fissure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain |
| Frontal Lobes | behavior and emotional control center and home to our personality |
| Parietal Lobes | major sensory processing hub in the brain |
| Occipital Lobes | part of the brain that is responsible for visual processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation. |
| Temporal Lobes | part of the brain responsible for processing auditory info |
| Motor Cortex | signals and direct the movement of the body |
| Broca's Area | A premotor area for speech and sounds |
| Wernicke's Area | language ability |
| Sensation | process that allows our brain to take in info via our five senses |
| perception | an individuals way to understand and explain our surroundings |
| bottom-up Processing | perception is based off what you see and the stimuli |
| top-down Processing | perception is based off outside info and other things than just the stimuli |
| Absolute Threshold | When something breaks your senses and you first start to comprehend it |
| difference Threshold | when you have a noticeable difference in the stimuli |
| Signal Detection theory | the idea that the intensity of the stimuli and the psychological and physical state of the person contributes to whether they can detect the stimuli or not |
| Sensory Adaptation | when your senses adjust to the stimuli and it is no longer as intense |
| Selective Attention | When you're able to focus on one stimuli and suppress others at the same time |
| Cornea | the transparent outer part of the eye were light first passes through |
| Iris | the thin pigmented part around the pupil that regulates the amount of light that you take in |
| Pupil | the part of the eye which is a little hole where light passes through so you can see |
| Lens | part behind the iris of the eye, our way of seeing, they frame everything that we can see |
| Retina | area in the back of the eye that holds the rods and cones |
| receptor Cells | proteins on the inside or surface of a cell which revive messages from your senses and other cells |
| Rods | Part of the eye that helps us see better in the dark and helps make up our vision |
| Cones | helps us see in bright light and make up our vision |
| Optic Nerve | nerves that help send signals form the eye to the brain so that we know what we are looking at |
| Blind Spot | where your retina and optic nerve meet |
| Trichromatic Theory | the theory that the human eye can only see three colors and just blends them together to make all the colors that we can see |
| Opponent-process theory | theory that says that we have a bunch of color pairs and one suppresses the other |
| Pitch | wave frequency |
| Cochlea | fluid filled spiral part of the ear that helps us hear |
| Hair Cells | sensation receptors for hearing, used through vibrations |
| Auditory Nerve | A nerve connecting the inner ear and the brain and carrying nerve impulses concerned with hearing |
Created by:
lillitucker0430
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