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Psych Ch 14 Vocab
Therapies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychotherapy | the use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders |
| insight therapies | a variety of individual psychotherapies designed to give people a better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions in the hope that this will help them adjust |
| free association | a psychoanalytic technique that encourages the client to talk without inhibition about whatever thoughts or fantasies come to mind |
| transference | the client's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures |
| insight | awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelings and behavior |
| client-centered (person-centered) therapy | nondirectional form of therapy developed by Carl Rogers that calls for unconditional positive regard of the client by the therapist with the goal of helping the client become fully functioning |
| Gestalt therapy | an insight therapy that emphasizes the wholeness of the personality and attempts to reawaken people to their emotions and sensations in the here-and-now |
| short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy | insight therapy that is time-limited and focused on trying to help people correct the immediate problems in their lives |
| behavior therapies | therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all behavior, normal and abnormal, is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving |
| systematic desensitization | a behavioral technique for reducing a person's fear and anxiety by gradually associating a new response (relaxation) with stimuli that have been causing the fear and anxiety |
| aversive conditioning | behavioral therapy techniques aimed at eliminating undesirable behavior patterns by teaching the person to associate them with pain and discomfort |
| behavior contracting | form of operant conditioning therapy in which the client and therapist set behavioral goals and agree on reinforcements that person will receive upon reaching those goals |
| token economy | an operant conditioning therapy in which clients earn tokens (reinforcers) for desired behaviors and exchange them for desired items or privileges |
| modeling | a behavior therapy in which the person learns desired behaviors by watching others perform those behaviors |
| cognitive therapies | psychotherapies that emphasize changing people's perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior |
| stress-inoculation therapy | a type of cognitive therapy that trains people to cope with stressful situations by learning a more useful pattern of self-talk |
| rational-emotive therapy (RET) | a directive cognitive therapy based on the idea that people's psychological distress is caused by irrational and self-defeating beliefs and that the therapist's job is to challenge such dysfunctional beliefs |
| cognitive therapy | therapy that depends on identifying and changing inappropriately negative and self-critical patterns of thought |
| group therapy | type of psychotherapy in which people meet regularly to interact and help one another achieve insight into their feelings and behavior |
| family therapy | a form of group therapy that sees the family as at least partly responsible for the individual's problems and that seeks to change all family members' behaviors to the benefit of the family unit as well as the troubled individual |
| couple therapy | a form of group therapy intended to help troubled partners improve their problems of communication and interaction |
| eclecticism | psychotherapeutic approach that recognizes the value of a broad treatment package over a rigid commitment to one particular form of therapy |
| biological treatments | a group of approaches, including medication, electroconclusive therapy, and psychosurgery, that are sometimes used to treat psychological disorders in conjunction with, or instead of, psychotherapy |
| antipsychotic drugs | drugs used to treat very severe psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | biological therapy in which a mild electrical current is passed through the brain for a short period, often producing convulsions and temporary coma; used to treat severe, prolonged depression |
| psychosurgery | brain surgery performed to change a person's behavior and emotional state; a biological therapy rarely used today |
| deinstitutionalization | policy of treating people with severe psychological disorders in ther larger community, or in small residential centers such as halfway houses, rather than in large public hospitals |
| prevention | reducing the incidence of emotional disturbance by eliminating conditions that cause or contribute to mental disorders and substituting conditions that foster mental well-being |
| primary prevention | techniques and programs to improve the social environment so that new cases of mental disorders do not develop |
| secondary prevention | programs to identify groups that are at high risk for mental disorders and to detect maladaptive behavior in these groups and treat it promptly |
| tertiary prevention | programs to help people adjust to community life after release from a mental hospital |
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