Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CSD 212 exam 3
hearing exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| function of the external ear canal | protect ear from foreign objects through production of wax |
| primary function of the middle ear | - transform acoustic energy into mechanical energy - overcome the mismatch between the air filled outer and middle ear and the fluid filled inner ear |
| Where is the organ of court located and what does it do | Located on the basilar membrane and contains all of the inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea |
| What is the tonotopic organization of the cochlea | high frequencies are represented near the base and low frequencies are represented near the apex |
| What are the three types of hearing loss | conductive, mixed, and sensorineural |
| How should you speak to someone who has hearing loss | Face the person and speak clearly and a little louder. Repeat the same words once and then re-phrase it |
| What is the most common and effective treatment doe mild to moderately sever hearing loss | hearing aids |
| how does a hearing aid work | converts the acoustic signal (sound waves in the air) into an electrical signal, manipulates the signal by making it louder, converts it back to acoustic, and delivers the single to the ear canal |
| who is a candidate for a cochlear implant | people who receive minimal or no benefit from hearing aids. These are individuals who have severe to profound hearing loss in both of their ears |
| What factors have been shown to influence successful use of a cochlear implant | age at implantation and number of years of deafness before implantation |
| A person works for one hour in a factory around noise at 100 DB. Will this person be at risk for noise induced hearing loss | Yes because you can only tolerate 100 dB for 2 hours before you are at risk for hearing loss |
| Name 3 symptoms that result from untreated hearing loss | depression, dementia, and memory loss |
| what is a listening effort | cognitive resource requirements necessary for understanding speech |
| Why do older adults expend more effort understanding speech in background noise compared to younger adults | changes in cognitive function with age results in overall less available cognitive resources, and age-related hearing loss causes older adults to use all available cognitive resources just to decipher the speech signal |
| function of the pinna | directs sound into ear canal |
| function of the external auditory meatus | ear canal = protect ear using cerumen and hair |
| function of the ossicles | vibrate and the footplate of the stapes moves at the oval window |
| function of the tympanic membrane | vibrates and causes the ossicles to move like a lever |
| function of the Eustachian tube | regulates pressure in ear and draws out fluid |
| function of the oval window | causes the fluid inside the Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani to move |
| function of the cochlea | receiving and analyzing the sounds which are interpreted by hair cells |
| function of the Scala media | known as cochlear duct and stimulate the receptor cells, which in turn translate their movement into nerve impulses that the brain perceives as sound. |
| function of the Scala vestibule | conducts amplified sound waves to the scala media having received sound vibrations from the stapes. |
| function of the Scala tympani | to help convert air movement (i.e., sound waves) in the ear into liquid movement. When sound waves enter the ear, these waves will hit the tympanic membrane which causes this membrane to vibrate |
| function of the basilar membrane | It supports hair cells, serves as the base layer of the organ of Corti, and propagates sound vibrations that allow the brain to interpret sound |
| the energy transductions of the ear | middle ear = acoustic to mechanical energy inner ear = mechanical to hydraulic energy to electrical energy |
| top down processing | frontal lobe to fill in missing sounds - what the listener is saying, what is the content, what is the topic of discussion |
| bottom up processing | automatic to figure out speech - speech sound identification used to recognize words |
| hearing loss is a _____ gene | recessive |
| People who do well with cochlear implants | post lingually deafened at any age and implanted soon after they go deaf |
| People who do not do well | pre lingually and post lingually deafened and patients who wait many years before they get the implant |
| post lingually | after you learn language |
| pre lingually | before you learn language |
| candidacy for cochlear implants | normal cochlear anatomy, functioning auditory nerve, 12 months of age or older, pre lingual or post lingual deafness |
| what does the internal receiver do in cochlear implant | communicates with external receiver and sends signal to electrode array |
| what does the transmitter do in cochlear implant | sends the coded sinfla stop the implant receiver just under the skin |
| what does the microphone do in cochlear implant | picks up environmental sounds |
| what does the processor do in cochlear implant | converts acoustic signal to electrical signal and manipulates the electrical signal |
| apex = ___ frequency | low |
| base = _____ frequency | high |
| places along the ______ respond best to certain frequency tones | basilar membrane |
| What does shearing do | causes a chemical change in the hair cell to release a neurotransmitter that leads to action potentials (electrical impulse) in the auditory nerve fibers that contact the inner hair cells which are transmitted to the brain |
| basilar membrane | 3-5 parallel rows and 12-15 thousand outer hair cells |
| shearing | hair cells bend and shear and send electrical signals to nerve which sends message to the brain |
| what do ossicles do | transduction mechanical energy to hydraulic energy |
| electrical hearing | hearing with a cochlear implant |
| cochlear implant is ___ type of hearing loss | sensorineural hearing loss |
| how hearing aids work | sound gets picked up by microphone and converted to an electrical signal then converted into a digital signal. The digital processor inside the hearing aid amplifies the signal so they can hear |
| hearing aid: what does microphone do | picks up acoustic energy |
| hearing aid: what does amplifier do | manipulates the sound |
| hearing aid: what does battery do | power source |
| hearing aid: what does receiver do | delivers sound into ear canal |
| hearing aids convert ___ signal to ____ | acoustic signal to electrical and back to acoustic |
| top down | concepts and grammar (context) |
| bottom up | vibration of the tympanic membrane (acoustic wave) |
| What is an fMRI | functional MRI - produces cross sectional images of human anatomy |
| What is the BOLD model | for FMRI and measures differences in the MR signal from hemoglobin in response to a peripheral stimulus |
| FMRI helps us see ___ | iron (metal) |
| ___ in 3 adults over the age of 60 years and ___ in 2 adults over the age of 75 have a significant hearing loss | 1 and 1 |
| ____ million Americans with hearing loss and approximately 10% of the entire US population | 30 million |
| hearing threshold | the safest sound a patient can hear 50% of the time |
| hearing loss | change in threshold - when hearing thresholds are not in the normal range for hearing |
| conductive hearing loss | outer and middle ear and can be corrected by medical intervention (10% of hearing loss) |
| sensorineural hearing loss | inner ear (90% of hearing loss) caused by tumor or damaged cochlea and is permanent hearing loss |
| mixed hearing loss | combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss - someone with both missing hair cells and wax |
| 3 types of energy transmitted through the ear | acoustic, electrical, mechanical |
| What is the structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear | Tympanic membrane |
| Where are hair cells located in the inner ear | basilar membrane/ organ of corti |
| the external ear canal | connects the pinna and the tympanic membrane |
| the middle ear | transforms acoustic into mechanical energy |
| organ of corti | contains a single row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells |
Created by:
gillian20
Popular Pathology sets