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First Italian Physicist to document use of waves by analyzing navigation of flying bats in the dark
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What year Lazaro Spallanzi document the waves from flying bats
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Ultrasound

QuestionAnswer
First Italian Physicist to document use of waves by analyzing navigation of flying bats in the dark Lazaro Spallanzani
What year Lazaro Spallanzi document the waves from flying bats 1794
He created an apparatus that produces sound waves of frequency of 40 Hz Francis Galton
What year Francis Galton created an apparatus 1880
They noted that electricity maybe created by Piezoelectric Effect Jacques and Pierre Curie
They discovered the inverse piezoelectric effect Jacques and Pierre Curie
He discovered motion of the internal parts of bodies by the sound they make Robert Hooke
He registered a patent for iceberg detection and in what year Lewis Fry Richard Soon, 1913
They invented Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) and in what year Paul Langevin and Constantin Chilowski, 1915
He developed sonar Robert Boyle
Type of ultrasound that is use for treatment Therapeutic US
He created a system in which the receiver was a separate device collecting the waves in 1941 Donald Sproule-
He received a recognition for the Reflectoscope Floyd Firestone-
He introduced hyperphonography Karl and Friederick Dussik-
Noted for developing the 1st application of ultrasound to the human body George Ludwick
He detected heart motions with a flaw detector and later called ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY in 1953 Professor C. H. Hertz
The first real-time mechanical commercial scanner in 1965 VIDOSON
Who designed VIDOSON Richard Soldner
A phased array system in 1983 HEWLETT PACKARD 70020A
He incorporated US into OB/GYN in 1958 Ian MacDonald
They designed pulsed doppler US Tech in 1966 Don Baker, Dennis Watkins, and John Reid
Color Doppler Sound Intruments in what year 1970
He developed 3-D US captured images of fetus in 1980 Kazunori Baba
A test that uses US waves to capture images in the Body US
Travels in straight line through air or medium that can be heard Sound
Bumping of particles creates what Sound waves
It is a local oscillation in a medium that transfers energy through medium Mechanical Wave
Height of the wave's crest which determines its loudness Amplitude
A region in a sound wave where particles have been pushed together making the densest part of the wave Compression
The number of waves produced in a given period of time Frequency
The intensity of the pressure wave resulting in the level of intensity perceived by someone Loudness
Describes the perceived highness or lowness of a sound wave Pitch
The region in the sound wave where the particles have been spread out and are the least dense part of the wave Rarefaction
The measurement of a sound wave from compression to compression Wavelength
Frequency of an US wave > 20 000 Hz (20 KHz)
Active elements found in US Transducers Piezoelectrics
The ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress Piezoelectric Effect
Piezein and piezo means what Piezein = Squeez or Press Piezo = Push
Less resolution but deeper penetration Lower Frequencies
Short wavelength but greater resolution Higher Frequencies
mHz for kidney and liver 1-6 mHz
mHz for muscles and tendons 7-18 mHz
Amplification is done by what TGC - Time Gain Compensation Amplifier
The decreasing of intensity of a sound wave Attenuation
The results of sound wave interaction with tissues Divergence Interference Scatter Diffraction Absorption Reflection
Echoes are large, smooth surface and sound is reflected in a singular direction (Bones) Specular Reflector
Small echoes, irregular shape and reflection returns in various directions (Soft Tissues) Diffuse Reflector
Refers to the propagation of incident sound waves in oblique directions Scatter
Occurs at interfaces involving structures of small dimensions Rayleigh Scattering
When the sound wave is greater than the structure it comes in contact with, it creates a uniform amplitude in all directions with little or no reflection returning to the transducer True
Most of the acoustic energy is reflected - impossible to see deeper Gas or Solids
Why lungs can't be examined by US because of the presence of Air
Imaging through an adult skull or other bones is possible False, not.
Attenuation is a combined effects of... Absorption, Scattering, and Reflection
The higher the angle of incidence, the lesser sound scattering True
Bending of waves can cause artifacts like spatial distortion and lesser resolution True
Absorption of US wave in fluids is a result of frictional forces that oppose the motion of particles in medium True
Physical property of tissues and describes how much resistance US beam encounters Acoustic Impedance
Density and speed is directly proportional to acoustic impedance True
Impedance is defined as Z = pv
Z P V stands for Z = Acoustic Impedance P = Density of medium V = Speed of sound
Found in the body where sound wave travels the fastest Bone - 4080 m/s
Found in the body where sound wave travels the slowest Air - 330 m/s
Ratio of intensity of reflected wave relative to incident wave Intensity Reflection Coefficient
The greater the difference in acoustic impedance between the media the greater the reflection and smaller the transmission TRUE
Reflection Fraction Formula RF = [ ( Z2 - Z1 ) / ( Z2 + Z1 ) ] ^2
A method of describing the reflecting echoes Echogenicity
Darker and less reflection Hypoechoic - Muscles, Blood Vessels
Brighter and more reflection Hyperechoic - Bones, Cartilage
Total Black and no echoes Anechoic - Air, Fluids
Equal Isoechoic
Basic Components of a US Pulser - Trasnducer - Receiver
It applies high amplitude voltage to energize crystals Pulser
Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy Transducer
Detects and amplifies signals Receiver
A type of transducer that is propagated in linear fashion and is parallel to transducer surface Linear
It increases field of view and is ideal for deeper structures Curvilinear
Ultrasound Machine consists of what Transducer Probe, a central processing unit (CPU), a monitor, a keyboard with control knobs, disk storage devices, a printer and so on
A fluid medium needed to provide a link between transducer surface of the patient Acoustic Coupling Agent
Not a good coupling agent because it evaporates rapidly Water
Not a good coupling agent because it dissolves the rubber Oil
Best Acoustic Coupling Agent Water Soluble Gel
Most Essential Component in US Transducer Probe
Piezoelectric effect is also known as Pressure electric effect
The transducer head has a Footprint
Can be a notch, a dot or a light on the probe’s head and use for orientation Probe Marker
Probe that is not good for curve structures but good near field resolution Linear Probe
Produces a fan like image and increase width in deeper penetration but poor near field resolution Sector/Phased Array
The frequency ranges 2 to 7 MHz and perfect for abdominal scanning Curvilinear
Has a small footprint with a Hz range of 5-12 MHz. Designed to fit in encocavitary spaces Transvaginal/Endocavity
Controls the strength of electrical voltage Power/Output Control
Allows to increase and decrease field of view Depth
Adjusts overall brightness Gain
Allows adjustment of brightness at a specific depth of image TGC
it is placed at the depth of interest Focal Zones
Allows image to be held frozen Freeze
Used for moving objects on monitor Trackball
Allows magnification Zoom
Mode of scanning or known as Brightness Mode and use to get back to grey scale imaging from color Doppler and/or Pulsed Wave Doppler 2D Knob - B mode
Displayed as Measure or Cal(Calculation) on the ultrasound console Measurement
Simplest form of US imaging Based on Echo Principle 1D information A-mode or Amplifier Mode
If watched in a rapid sequence, they become real time images B-mode
Appears in the lower half of the screen Spectral Doppler or Pulsed Wave Doppler
Can be moved by operator and placed within a vessel as imaged by color doppler Spectral Doppler or Pulsed Wave Doppler
Cursor line appears on the upper section of the image. Primarily to document motion M mode or Motion mode
BART Blue Away Red Towards
Uses a color map to display information based on frequency Color Flow Doppler
Uses a color map to show distribution of power or amplitude Power Doppler
What activates color flow Color flow knob
Ultrasound is continuous and measures high velocities Continuous wave doppler unit
Measure the speed of blood in a vessel Pulsed Wave Doppler
The change of frequency of refection by a moving surface The Doppler Effect
Created by: user-1782281
Popular Sonography sets

 

 



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