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Emotion
Unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving 1. physiological arousal 2. expressive behavior 3. conscious experience |
| James-Lange theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion- arousing stimulus: 1st body then 2nd emotion |
| Cannon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers 1. physiological responses 2. the subjective experience of emotion. body and emotion happen at the same time |
| two-factor theory/ Schachter-Singer | theory that to experience emotion one must 1.be physically aroused 2. cognitively label the arousal 1st body and cognition then 2nd emotion |
| Lazarus theory | thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal 1st cognition |
| Zajonc LeDoux Theory | cognitive arousal sometimes occurs without our awareness and defines our emotion -cognition happens automatically |
| polygraph | a machine used in attempts to detect lies that measure several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration, heart rate, and breathing changes) accompanying emotion |
| facial feedback theory | the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness |
| behavior feedback effect | the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other's thoughts, feelings and actions |
| stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| General Adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| tend-and-befriend response | under stress, people (espically women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend) |
| health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contributions to behavioral medicine |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developing countries |
| type A | Friedman and Roseman's term for competitive hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive and anger-prone people |
| type B | Friedman and Roseman's term for easygoing, relaxed people |
| catharsis | in psychology, the idea that "releasing" aggressive energy (through actions/fantasy) relieves aggressive urges |
| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness, also helps alleviate depression and anxiety |
| mindfulness meditation | a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a non-judgmental and accepting manner |
| feel-good, do-good phenomenon | peoples tendency to be helpful when in a good mood |
| positive psychology | the scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive |
| subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people's quality of life |
| adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) related to a neural level defined by our prior experience |
| relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself |
| William James | Worked with Lange to create the James-Lange theory of emotion |
| Walter Cannon | Worked with Philip Bard to create the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, also known as the Thalamic theory of emotion, is a physiological explanation of emotion |
| Stanley Schachter | was an American social psychologist best known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion in 1962 along with Jerome E. Singer. |
| Robert Zajonc | worked with LeDoux conducted research in the areas of social facilitation, and theories of emotion, such as the affective neuroscience hypothesis. created a theory that cognition occurs automatically and aside from emotion |
| Joseph LeDoux | worked with Zajonc concluded that emotions are "higher-order states" embedded in cortical circuits. cognition happens automatically |
| Richard Lazarus | Behavioral psychologists focused on reward and punishment as the causes of behavior and largely ignored the role of emotions. developed a theory of emotion called cognitive appraisal theory. |
| Paul Ekman | discovered that some facial expressions of emotion are universal while many of the apparent differences in facial expressions across cultures were due to context facial feedback theory |
| Kurt Lewin | suggests that the origin of behavior stems from underlying needs and forces |
| Hans Selye | was the first scientist to identify 'stress' as underpinning the nonspecific signs and symptoms of illness created (GAS) |
| Martin Seligman | positive psychology researched learned helplessness and positive emotions |
| Approach-approach | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that a choice between two different alternatives that we like, but we can only pick one |
| Avoidance-avoidance | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that we have to pick one choice or the other alternative, but dislike both. |
| Approach-avoidance | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that a choice of whether to do something when it has both positive and negative qualities. |
| Double approach-avoidance | Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory that we must choose between two things that each have both positive and negative qualities |
| stressor | the stimulus or challenge causing stress |
| stress reaction | physical and emotional response to stressor |
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Addi678
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