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CI 152
Cognitive Development Piaget
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Developmentalists argue that the mind goes through... | a maturational process just as the body does |
While experience certainly affects thinking, some of the changes in thought processes are: | unrelated to experience |
Developmentalists hold that everyone goes through the same sequence of changes, but... | not at the same rate or time. That is, the sequence is universal. The rate is individual. |
the fundamental unit of memory | the schema |
The continual process of adapting to the environment: | learning |
Adaptation occurs because of either: | assimilation or accomodation |
One encounters new information and includes it within the existing schema | assimilation |
The new information contradicts what one knows requiring that the schema be altered | accommodation |
Constructed by the individual, not inherited from others: | reality |
A state of cognitive balance which people naturally seek. It prevails when one can explain experience. | equilibrium |
A state of disequilibrium: | disequilibrium |
The young child’s tendency to be aware of only one view, his own. | egocentric thought |
Young children focus on the most obvious characteristic of a stimulus. They are unaware of secondary characteristics. | centering |
a mental sequence | an operation |
the ability to reverse a mental sequence, to think backward through a series of steps | reversability |
when a learner recognizes that although some characteristics of a stimulus may change, others often remain constant | conservation |
From birth to about 18 months. Children are egocentric, and learn from direct sense experience. | sensorimotor stage |
Takes the child to about 5 years. Her egocentricity begins to diminish. Speech develops, she centers, and responds to perception rather than underlying realities. | preoperational stage |
To about age 12. They can perform operations and are capable of reversability. This makes them problems-solvers, as long as the problem is concrete. | concrete |
Can work with abstractions and deal with hypotheticals. This is the final stage. | formal operational thinkers |