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Patho Chap 8
Acid Base
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pH normal range | 7.35- 7.45 |
| pH defines acidosis | <7.35 |
| pH defines alkalosis | > 7.45 |
| normal range of pCO2 | 35-45 |
| normal range of HCO3- | 22-26 |
| law of mass action in regard to the carbonic acid/ bicarbonate equation | when CO2 increases = shifts right when H+ increases = shifts left |
| define buffer systems | systems that help regulate acid base balance |
| first buffer system | chemical buffers -- protein (largest in the body) phosphate - regulate intracellular pH carbonic acid bicarbonate buffering - most common and strongest buffer system |
| second buffer system | lungs |
| third buffer system | kidney |
| discuss the role of the respiratory tract as a buffer by regulating CO2 : acidosis | decrease CO2 in the lungs, increase in the H+ in the blood: hyperventilation |
| discuss the role of the respiratory tract as buffer by regulating CO2: alkalosis | increase CO2 in the lungs, decrease the H+ in the blood: slow breathing |
| discuss the role of the kidneys as buffers by regulating H+ and HCO3- : too acidic | retain HCO3- and excrete H+ |
| discuss the role of the kidneys as buffers by regulating H+ and HCO3- : too alkalosis | retain H+ and excrete HCO3- |
| how good are the lungs as a buffer | short term and responds in minutes |
| how good are the kidneys as a buffer | in tubules- takes hours to days to get, but maintains longer |
| describe how respiratory failure results in respiratory acidosis | lungs fail to remove CO2 from body |
| describe why anxiety leading to hyperventilation syndrome would cause respiratory alkalosis | loss of CO2 from lungs faster than the production |
| describe causes of metabolic acidosis | excess acid: DKA, lactic acidosis bicarbonate loss: diarrhea and vomit |
| what would the pH, pCO2, and HCO3- for metabolic acidosis | <7.35, norm, <22 |
| describe the compensation that occurs in metabolic acidosis by respiratory compensation | lungs increase ventilation to try and blow off CO2 |
| describe the causes of metabolic alkalosis | excess loss of acids, vomiting, GI suction, increase of bicarbonate levels |
| pH, pCO2, and HCO3- be in metabolic alkalosis | >7.45, normal, >26 |
| how would the respiratory system compensate for metabolic alkalosis | lungs decrease ventilation |
| how would the kidney's compensate for metabolic alkalosis | reabsorb H+ instead of K+ |
| affects of acidosis and alkalosis on the electrolytes | changes the affect ion movement -- some signs and symptoms due to ion movement |
| affects of acidosis and alkalosis particularly K+ and Ca+ | acidosis: hyperkalemia alkalosis: hypokalemia |
| what is the normal anion gap | used to determine imbalance in A/B normal gap is 8-16 mEq/ L |
| what would cause the normal anion gap to increase above normal | increased gap due to large amounts of unmeasured acids enter blood stream or bicarbonate levels fall as bicarbonate ions |
Created by:
sammy.e7
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