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AP Psych: Mod 65-69
Meyers Unit 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychological disorder | a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior. |
| maladaptive | interferes with normal day to day life. |
| ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) | a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 key components: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.. |
| Philippe Pineal | said that it mental issues were not demon possession, but a sickness in the mind caused by sever stress and inhumane conditions (moral treatment). |
| medical model | concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, and often through treatment in a hospital. |
| Falls under the... | biopsychosocial approach. |
| Diagnosis classification aims to not only... | describe symptoms but to also predict its future course, apply appropriate treatment, and stimulate research. |
| DSM 5 | the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, updated as a 2000 "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. |
| trepanning | made holes in the skull, which were supposed to allow the evil spirits or pressure to escape. |
| 5 axis used in the DSM for diagnosis... | 1) clinical disorders (developmental, learning, etc.) 2) personality disorders 3) physical disorders 4) psychosocial disorders |
| global functioning score | how much a person's symptoms affect their day-to-day life on a scale of 0-100. |
| Main criteria for abnormal behavior... | 1) distressing 2) statistical significance 3) personal suffering 4) unjustifiable*** |
| anxiety disorders | psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, followed by worry of the next attack. |
| phobias | an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. |
| social anxiety disorder | intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such (formerly called social phobia). |
| agoraphobia | fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic. |
| OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) | an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). |
| PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) | an anxiety disorder characterized by having memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. |
| post traumatic growth | positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. |
| hyperviligent | elevated state of constantly assessing potential threats. |
| anterior cingulate cortex | monitors actions, checks for errors and tends to be hyperactive in OCD. |
| mood disorders | psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. |
| major depressive disorder | a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interests or pleasure in most activities. |
| Persistent depressive disorder following symptoms (at least two)... | 1) problems regulating appetite 2) problems regulating sleep 3) low energy 4) low self-esteem 5) difficulty concentrating/bad decisions 6) feelings of hopelessness |
| mania | a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. |
| bipolar mania | a mood disorder in which the person alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (manic-depressive disorder). |
| Stressful events often proceed depression like... | death, job loss, marital problems, divorce, assault. |
| Reasons for self harm... | 1) relief from intense negative thoughts, distraction with pain. 2) cry for help, to gain attention 3) relieve guilt by self-punishment 4) get others to change their negative behavior (bullying/criticism) 5) to fit in with peer group |
| What feeds depression? | self defeating beliefs and negative explanatory style. |
| rumination | compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes. |
| explanatory style | who or what they blame for their failure (or credit for their successes). |
| schizophrenia | a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions (means split mind). |
| psychosis | a person loses contact with reality, experiencing, irrational ideas, and distracted perceptions. |
| delusions | false belies, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. |
| hallucinations | sensory experiences without sensory stimulation (often auditory). |
| flat effect | emotionless state people with schizophrenia can lapse into. |
| catatonia | remain motionless for hours and then become agitated. |
| positive symptoms | hallucinations, disorganized speech, inappropriate actions, adds something to the environment. |
| negative symptoms | toneless voices, expressionless, mute/rigid boundaries, removes something from the environment. |
| chronic schizophrenia | long term case of schizophrenia, affects a person's ability to tell what is real and what is not, unable to think or act clearly. |
| acute schizophrenia | delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, disorganized behavior and speech, cognitive symptoms. |
| somatic symptom disorder | the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical causes. |
| conversion disorder | a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found. |
| illness anxiety disorder | a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis) |
| dissociative disorders | conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. |
| fugue state | a temporary state where a person has memory loss (amnesia) and ends up in an unexpected place. |
| DID (dissociative identity disorder) | a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder (highly debated in the psychology world). |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% percent or more) underweight. |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging by vomiting or laxative use, excessive exercise, or fasting. |
| personality disorders | psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. |
| binge-eating disorder | significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa. |
| avoidance personality disorder | fearful sensitivity to rejection that predisposes social withdrawal. |
| schizoid personality disorder | eccentric or odd behaviors, such as emotionless disengagement. |
| histrionic personality disorder | exhibits dramatic or impulsive behaviors, such as attention seeking. |
| narcissistic personality disorder | self focused and self inflating. |
| antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist (also called sociopath or psychopath). |
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kqunell
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