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Patho chap 29

Disorders of esophagus, stomach & small intestine

QuestionAnswer
main job of the small intestine absorption and digestion
the two valves of the small intestine pyloric sphincter and the lower esophageal sphincter
duodenum digestion and receiving enzymes from liver, pancreas
jejunum absorption of nutrients and vitamin A,D,E,K
ileum reabsorption of b12 and return bile acid to the liver
dysphagia swallowing difficulty
odynophagia painful swallowing
achalasia too much concentration of esophageal smooth muscle
esophagitis inflammation of esophagus
patho of esophagitis irritation of mucus usually by an infection like candida albicans
signs & symptoms of esophagitis burning sensation in the throat or mid sternal chest, sore oral cavity, hematemesis, vomiting, odynophagia
GERD etiology/ risk factors alcohol, smoking, coffee, fatty meals, obesity, pregnancy
GERD patho regurgitation of stomach acid into esophagus
GERD signs & symptoms dyspnea, heartburn, epigastric pain, regurgitation
acute gastritis etiology/ risk factors medications, infection, acute stress, bile reflux, alcohol abuse
acute gastritis patho inflammation of stomach lining
signs & symptoms of acute gastritis heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea
chronic gastritis etiology/ risk factors helicobactor pylori, irritation and erosion of stomach mucosa
chronic gastritis patho non erosive : atrophy of the glandular stomach lining
signs & symptoms of chronic gastritis burning and gnawing epigastric pain, hematemesis, weight loss
PUD etiology/ risk factors helicobacter pylori, NSAID'S, stress, alcohol abuse, excessive caffeine, smoking
PUD patho hyper- secretion of HCl, ineffective GI mucus production, poor cellular repair
signs & symptoms of PUD epigastric abdominal pain (episodes of pain occur between meals, 2-3 hours after eating), pain is intense, burning & gnawing, perforation of stomach and intestine
mallory weiss syndrome a vertical tear in the lower esophagus due to forceful, frequent bouts of vomiting
why is mallory weiss syndrome an emergency excess bleeding will lead to hypovolemic shock
Barrett's esophagus a disorder with precancerous changes of the cells at the gastro -esophageal junction and are at high risk for developing cancer of the esophagus
acute upper GI bleed rupture or tear, perforation causing immediate blood loss
acute upper GI bleed signs & symptoms hypotension, hypovolemia
chronic lower GI bleed small tear or opening causing gradual blood loss
chronic lower GI bleed signs & symptoms anemia, iron deficiency, melena
melena blood in stool
occult blood blood in the feces that isn't visibly apparent
hematemesis vomit with bright red blood
risks for esophageal cancer chronic alcohol use, smoking, Barrett's esophagus
symptoms for esophageal cancer dysphagia, weight loss, change in eating pattern, aspiration pneumonia *
hiatal hernia pushes up through the diaphragm around the thoracic cavity
dumping syndrome etiology/ risk factors common after bariatric surgery
dumping syndrome patho rapid gastric emptying --> hypertonic fluid enters intestine, causing fluid to shift into intestines
symptoms of dumping syndrome hypotension, tachycardia, cramping, nausea, epigastric, discomfort, hypoglycemia
celiac disease etiology/ risk factors autoimmune disease
celiac disease patho hypersensitivity reaction to gluten
symptoms of celiac disease abdominal bloating, diarrhea, steatorrhea, fatigue, anemia, malnutrition
peritonitis inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
peritonitis patho caused by bacterial infection or leakage of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity
peritonitis possible complications peritoneal fluid shift: contaminated peritoneal fluid shift toward peritoneal cavity electrolyte imbalance: cardiac arrhythmias
what is a paralytic ileus decreased motility of intestine
Created by: sammy.e7
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