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Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the pros of experimental design? | can test causation |
| How do experiments allow testing for causation? | manipulate the independent variable, random assignment, and hold everything constant to rule other causes |
| What are the cons of experimental design? | external validity because it's generalized to the "real world" and mundane realism |
| What is Mundane realism? | extent to which the conditions in the study mimic "real life" |
| What are the types of experimental designs? | between subjects, within-subjects, and mixed design |
| What are the types of between subjects designs? | simple/two group, multigroup, and factorial |
| What is a simple/two group? | a control and an experimental group |
| What is a multigroup? | more than two groups |
| What is a factorial? | multiple IV's are manipulated |
| What is within-subjects design? | each person gets each treatment |
| What is mixed design? | combination of within-subjects and between subjects design |
| what is experimental control? | manipulating exactly what we need to, nothing more and nothing less |
| what is a t-test? | comparing the average of a score on a DV across two groups |
| what is an independent t-test? | people in each group are different |
| what is a paired/dependent t-test? | people in each group are the same |
| which t-test is relevant for within-subjects design? | paired/dependent t-test |
| what type of results does a t-test provide? | the t-score and the p-value |
| what p-value is considered statistically significant? | <.05 |
| what can the effect size of a study show us? | how big the differences are between groups and help determines practical significance |
| how many levels do the variables have in a multigroup design? | more than 2 levels or 2 conditions |
| what are the two types of control groups in a multigroup design? | empty control group or placebo group |
| what is an empty control group? | no treatment just measured on the DV |
| what are the strengths of multigroup designs? | can test more than two levels of IV at once, can save time and resources, may uncover nonlinear relationships |
| what are the cons of multigroup design? | mundane realism and external validity |
| what are the confounds of multigroup design? | accidentally manipulating something along with the intended IV |
| what is descriptive data analysis for multigroup design? | how many people in each condition total |
| what are types of descriptive data analysis for multigroup design? | demographics, averages on attitudinal DV and tallies/percent per choice on behavioral DV overall in each condition |
| when is manipulation check data analysis useful for multigroup design? | for a pilot test and testing the manipulation before running the full study |
| what is inferential data analysis for multigroup design? | attitudinal DV (continuous variable) |
| what is ANOVA and when do we use it? | analysis of variance and we use if for differences among 3+ groups |
| what does ANOVA not do? | does not specify which groups are different from one another just that the group differences are supported |
| what is predicted ahead of time and can combine conditions to compare to another? | planned contrast |
| what is not predicted ahead of time and compares each group to all other groups? | post-hoc test |
| what are the varieties of within-subjects design? | pretest-posttest and repeated measures |
| participants are measured on a variable before treatment and again after treatment to determine if a change occurs? | pretest-posttest |
| participants are measured after each exposure to the IV, but not necessarily before | repeated measures |
| what are the advantages of within-subject design? | well-suited to asses change in individuals, well-suited to test preferences, can remove issue of individual differences between groups |
| what are the disadvantages of within-subject? | external validity concerns and internal validity concerns |
| what are the types of internal validity concerns? | attrition, testing effect, instrumentation, history , and maturation |
| what is order effect? | sequence of conditions has influence on the DV |
| what types of order effects are there? | practice, fatigue, carryover, and sensitization effect |
| what is multiple exposure to the DV has influence on DV? | practice effect |
| what is participants become tired-bored and stop trying? | fatigue effect |
| what is exposure to earlier conditions influences subsequent conditions? | carryover effect |
| what is hypothesis guessing and response adjustment after exposure to multiple conditions? | sensitization effect |
| how do you address order effect? | counterbalance or Latin square |
| similar to independent t-test but takes into account non-independence of the data and the observations came from the same person | inferential dependent (paired) t-test within subjects |
Created by:
ali4silvius
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