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Sports Massagewk2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The three primary purposes of Sports massage: | 1) To ensure the health & well-being of the athlete. 2)Treat & prevent injury. 3)To enhance athletic performance. |
| Some contraindications for Sports massage: | Infection, fractures, acute sprains/strains/contusions, open wounds or burns, varicose veins, skin rash, contagious skin disorders, tumors, hyper+ hypo- (thermia) |
| Oil should NOT be used for sports massage techniques. T or F? | TRUE |
| Broad cross fiber friction: | Applied with the thumb/fingers across the grain of the muscle in both directions. Perform the stroke slowly to allow the muscle to spread under your pressure. |
| Compression: | Use a rhythmic pumping action pressing the muscle belly against the underlying bone. Contact hand is broad & soft. Working hand provides pressure using a loose fist or heel of the hand against contact hand. |
| Stripping: | "Running the length of the muscle" using the pads of the thumbs/fingers/elbow with enough depth to break up adhesions/small spasms. The muscle must be relaxed to penetrate deeply w/o pain. |
| Friction: | Apply small back & forth movements with fingers/thumbs. No gliding across the skin, but rather the skin moves with the fingers to affect the tissues under the skin. |
| Jostling/Shaking: | Administered as a shaking, rocking stroke;Applied in large movements. |
| Hydrotherapy: | The use of cold or warm(hot) water treatments to affect the site of an injury. |
| Examples of Hydrotherapy using heat: | Hot packs, hot bath(jacuzzi), steam bath, or hot towels. Heat is contraindicated on acute injuries because it brings the blood immediately to the surface. Use mainly for tension & muscle soreness. |
| Examples of Hydrotherapy using cold: | Ice packs, cold packs, cold water applications, ice bath. Cold is best used for acute strains, sprains that have discoloration! |
| NOTE: When dealing with an injury, First aid must be administered before any massage is applied! | Note:First aid first, then assess to see if techniques can be used. |
| R.I.C.E = | Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate |
| Ice> | 15-20 minutes max |
| Compress> | Wrap up injured area with an ace bandage for support. |
| Elevate> | Elevate the injured area to prevent excessive swelling/bleeding. |
| Pre-event massage is ? | Massage before an event. Usually brief & vigorous with few long strokes. Consists of sequence of jostling, compression, & stretching. |
| Post-event massage is ? | Massage after the event. (15-20 min max. Incorporating effleurage, petrissage, compression, stretching, & hydrotherapy. |
| RECOVERY for the uninjured athlete from a workout/event. This helps with maintaining flexibility. 3 important reasons: | 1)Improve circulation & promote muscular & general relaxation 2)Includes techniques such as kneading, compression, & stretching. 3)Spend more time on stressed areas. |
| REMEDIAL: for minor injuries: | To restore the athlete from strain/sprain/tendonitis/shin splints. Done in between events for 10-15 min or after events for up to 30 min. |
| Causes of Muscle tension & inflexibility: | Scar tissue, edema, fascial thickening, chronic muscle tension, & emotional stress. |
| Causes of Muscle soreness: | Torn tissue, tonic muscle spasm, & connctive tissue damage. |
| Rehabilitation: | This would be used for severe injuries or after surgery. Work with client to increase ROM, relief of muscle tension, improved circulation, reduce anxiety, & decrease scar tissue. |
| Tendinitis: | Tendon inflammation due to an injury or illness. |
| Tensynovitis: | Inflammation of the thin synovial lining of the sheath covering a tendon. May be a result of mechanical irritation or bacterial infection. Directly related to repetitive motion injuries such as Carpal tunnel syndrome. |
| Sprain: Bone to Bone | Injury to a ligament. Acute injury happens with an accident or overuse. |
| Strain: Muscle to Bone | Injury to a tendon or muscle. 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree stages. Pulled muscle. |
| 1st degree Strain: | Mild to moderate swelling. Minimal fiber tearing. Joint stable, no loss of function. |
| 2nd degree Strain: | Moderate to severe swelling. 50% of fibers torn. Joint instability, loss of full function. |
| 3rd degree Strain: | Most severe! Severe pain & swelling. All fibers torn. Joint completely unstable. Snapping or popping sound when injury occurs. Example:ruptured Achilles tendon. |
| Blisters: | Develop when a shearing friction on the skin causes the epidermis to seperate from the dermis. Space fills with fluid. Should not be punctured/cut. Ice may cool/prevent blister from forming. Also petroleum jelly can prevent blisters. |
| Ecchymosis: | Black & blue discoloration. |
| Severe bruise is a Hematoma: | Blood and tissue debris that remains in the tissue at the injury area. |
| Bruise(Contusion): | Damage to the layers of the skin & underlying tissues resulting from a blow to the soft tissue that injures blood vessels. they can be minor to severe. |
| Deep contusion: Myositis Ossificans | Formation of calcium deposit(bone formation) within the muscle tissue. Muscles most likely at risk are the Quadriceps/Biceps. This may occur with a repeated injury. |
| Abrasion: | When the epidermis/dermis are scraped away as a result of a fall. Capillaries are broken. Because of high risk of infection, this should be referred to medical tent! |
| Hyperthemia + 3 stages: | A condition brought on by heat or humidity. This occurs when the body's rate of heat production is greater than it's ability to dissapate the heat. Heat cramps, Heat exhaustion, & Heat stroke. |
| Heat Cramps (1st stage of Hyperthermia) | Least severe. Occurs from fluid volume through sweating. Body temp is normal. Skin remains moist, warm, mental state is coherent. Drink plenty of fluids to replenish lost water. |
| Heat Exhaustion (2nd stage of Hyperthermia) | Moderately severe. Due to loss of fluid. Pale, cool, clammy skin, fast & shallow breathing, excessive sweating, dizziness, vomiting, weakness, chills, goosebumps, nausea, headache, unsteadiness. Should be taken to medical tent immediately! |
| Heat Stroke (3rd stage of Hyperthermia) | Life threatening! Dispatch medical aid immediately! Temp may reach 105-110*. Athlete must be packed in ice. Symptoms are Hot, dry skin, confused, incoherent, blurred vision, & may lose consciousness. |
| Hypothermia - LOW | Occurs under wet, cool, & windy conditions. Athlete is unable to maintain heat production to compensate for loss of heat due to environmental conditions/lack of clothing. Chills, slow breathing, blue lips, disorientation, shivering, loss of consciousness. |
| Acute primary injury: | Blow, overstretch, or tear resulting in tissue damage, tissue death, & blood seepage outside of vessels and capillaries of a hematoma. |
| Secondary injury: | Enlargement of the original bruise by the addition of dead tissue damaged not by the primary trauma but due to slowed blood flow & oxygen starvation(hypoxia) |
| Chronic injury: | An acute injury that continues past 30 days! |
| Causes of injury: | Excessive duration or intensity of exercise, Inadequate strength of muscles/tendons/ligaments, improper support, biomechanical problems. |
| Care:RICE- | RICE-Ice should be applied in cycles of 15 min continuing for a minimum of an hour. |
| Phases of healing: | Inflammation, Repair(regeneration)body repairs with scar tissue, Remodeling, scar tissue is inflexible, Rehabilitation(tissue regain strength/flexibility) |
| Acute Injury Care: | Apply R.I.C.E immediatley, allow 24 hours for evaluation, can be treated with transverse friction if client feels no pain, only discomfort. Effleurage & friction will help with edema, scar tissue, and spasms. |
| Rule of thumb: | It takes approx 12-14 days for the scar to develop enough tensile strength to withstand the mechanical force of deep transverse friction. Even longer if the injury is severe. |
| Pre-event massage should NOT : | Be painful;No trigger point, injury care, or deep work! |
| Goals of Pre-event massage: | Increase circulation, reduce muscle tension, warm/stretch soft tissue, reduce pre-race nervousness. |
| Main strokes in Pre-event massage are: | Compression to muscle bellies, Transverse friction to tendons, M-T junctions, ligaments, Jostling. |
| Gait Theory: | Receptors that feel pressure are faster getting to the brain then pain. Thus, if you touch it, you can block the pain cycle. |
| Ischemia:Secondary injuries | Lack of blood flow to an area. |
| Hypoxia: | Oxygen starvation to an area(muscle). |
| Moist heat is mainly for ? | Penetrating heat. Do not use on Acute injuries! |
| Goals of Post-event massage: | To relax muscles, to improve circulation, to relieve cramps, to provide general relief from strenuous exertion. |
| Main strokes of Post-event massage: | Effleurage, Petrissage, and Stretching is helpful especially for muscle cramps. |
| Remedial/Training massage(Maintenance massage) goals: | To maintain healthy soft tissue, discover potential overuse injury and treat it early, improve circulation, restore health and mobility to injures soft tissue, enhance performance & flexibility. |
| Main strokes used in Training massage: | Effleurage, Petrissage, Broad Cross Fober, Stripping, & Transverse Friction. |
Created by:
Kaleta
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