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AP Psych Vocab (D/E)
AP Psych Vocabulary (D/E)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the post experimental explanation for a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants. | Debriefing |
| in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | Defense Mechanisms |
| the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal or anonymity | Deindividuation |
| the eerie sense that I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience | Deja Vu |
| an experiment procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. | Double-Blind Procedure |
| a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. | Down Syndrome |
| a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. They're known for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulty remembering | Dream |
| the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need | Drive-Reduction Theory |
| A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems. | DSM-IV-TR |
| the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. | Dual Processing |
| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds | Echoic Memory |
| an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy | Eclectic Approach |
| a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition | Ecstasy (MDMA) |
| The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning. | Educational Psychology |
| encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. | Effortful Processing |
| the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego goes on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure not pain. | Ego |
| in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view | Egocentrism |
| a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an aenesthetized patient | Electroconvulsive Therapy |
| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp | Electroencephalogram |
| the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month | Embryo |
| the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep | Delta Waves |
| False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders | Delusions |
| the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body | Dendrite |
| psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities. | Denial |
| the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. | Dependent Variable |
| drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | Depressants |
| the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance | Depth Perception |
| a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | Developmental Psychology |
| the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference. (Also called just noticeable difference or JN | Difference Threshold |
| in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus | Discrimination |
| in operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement) | Discriminative Stimulus |
| psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object of person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. | Displacement |
| a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others | Dissociation |
| Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. | Dissociative Disorders |
| A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder. | Dissociative Identity disorder (DID) |
| a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes | DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) |
| for some people on modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood | Emerging Adulthood |
| a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience | Emotion |
| the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. | Emotional Intelligence |
| a test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups. | Empirically Derived Test |
| the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely and observation and experimentation. | Empiricism |
| the processing of information into the memory system | Encoding |
| the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream. | Endocrine System |
| "morphine within" - natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure. | Endorphins |
| every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us. | Environment |
| a condition in which people receive from a relationship is proportional to what they give to it | Equity |
| sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics; in nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity | Estrogens |
| clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences | Evidence Based Practice |
| the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection | Evolutionary Psychology |
| a research method where an investigator manipulates (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors. | Experiment |
| in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. | Experimental Group |
| the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method | Experimental Psychology |
| memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" (declarative memory) | Explicit Memory |
| behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actualitiy) to the things they fear or avoid | Exposure Therapies |
| the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate. | External Locus of Control |
| the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced | Extinction |
| The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition | Extrasensory Perception |
| a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment | Extrinsic Motivation |
Created by:
laurenm25
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