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PSY 1
55
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of mental processes and behavior |
| theory | a general framework or idea about the nature of something |
| research psychologists | study the origins, causes, or results of certain behaviors |
| applied psychologists | make direct use of psychological studies |
| Charles Darwin | noted that animals developed differently in different places; theory of EVOLUTION. |
| Wilhelm Wundt | the "father of psychology." in 1879, he started the first laboratory for studying humans. He tried to break down the brain as chemists were doing with molecules, but failed because introspection is not a rigid science. |
| Sigmund Freud | (1856-1939) developed comprehensive theory on personality based on unconscious conflicts within people. Also developed psychoanalytic theory based on unconscious conflicts: we are influenced by things we are not aware of and early childhood experiences. |
| William James | (1842-1910) interested in how humans function and adapt to their environment. He looked at human experiences as complete wholes. |
| John B. Watson | (1878-1958)studied the impact of learning on human emotion and is associated with behaviorism. He believed that careful, structured parenting could prevent most psychological problems from ever happening; he wrote a book on child rearing. |
| eclecticism | the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems |
| biopsychological approach | behavior is influenced by physical changes that take place (i.e., snake crawls on you and you experience panic) |
| B.F. Skinner | (1904-1990) early behaviorist who believed that we become what the environment forces us to become. He felt that the emphasis on things we cannot see clearly, such as cognition, make psychology less scientific |
| psychoanalytic approach | based on theories of Freud. We have hidden impulses and the unconscious shows our true feelings. We must analyze these impulses with a therapist. |
| humanistic approach | people are basically good and our nature is such that we could reach perfection if all went right. The environment does not force us to become anything, but acts as a background for internal growth. |
| Carl Rogers | (1902-1987) most famous humanist; saw people as worthwhile creatures with free will and choice |
| cognitive approach | personalities are made of internal thoughts |
| sociocultural approach | studies the impact of social, ethnic, racial and religious groups on behavior |
| placebo | a "medicine" that has no active ingredients and works by the power of suggestion |
| double-blind study | a study during which neither participants nor researchers know to which group any subject belongs |
| hypothesis | a statement of the results that the experimenter expects |
| subjects | people or animals on whom a study is conducted |
| variables | factors that change in an experiment |
| stereotype | a fixed set of beliefs about a group that is generalized to all or most group members; stereotypes may or may not be accurate |
| independent variable | the factor that the experimenter manipulates during the study |
| dependent variable | the factor in a study that changes or varies as a result of changes in the independent variable |
| field study | research that takes place outside the laboratory |
| experimental group | the group on which the critical part of the experiment is formed |
| control group | the group that does not participate in the critical part of the experiment |
| survey | a method of research that involves asking subjects questions about their feelings, opinions, or behavior patterns. |
| sample | a group that represents a larger group |
| representative sample | a group that truly reflects a selected characteristic of a larger population |
| naturalistic observation | a research method that involves studying subjects without their being aware that they're being watched |
| interview | a research method that involves studying people face to face and asking questions |
| case study method | research that collects lengthy, detailed information about a person's background, usually for psychological treatment |
| psychological tests | objective methods for observation and measurement of subjects in various areas, such as intelligence |
| cross-sectional method | a method of research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span |
| longitudinal method | a method of research that studies the same group of people over an extended period of time |
Created by:
catherine1994
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