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Exam 2 PSY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Health Psychology? | Subfield devoted to understanding psychological influence on how people stay healthy; why the become ill , and how they respong when they get ill. |
| What is Stress? | The process of perceiving and responding events ("stressors") appraised as overwhelming or threatening to one's well being |
| What are potential stressors? | Life changes and strains- Catastrophic events- Daily hassles- Chronic stressors |
| What are stress mediators? | Cognitive appraisal- Predictability- Control- Coping resources and methods- Social support |
| What are stress responses? | Physical- Psychological (Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral) |
| What is Eustress? | Things seen as good but can cause stress |
| What is Primary Appraisal? | How we view a situation |
| What is Secondary Appraisal? | A high or low threat |
| What does HPA stand for? | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenalcortical |
| What is the SAM system? | Sympatho-Adrenal Medullary System "Fight or Flight" |
| What are the 3 stages of Selye? | Alarm reaction, Resistance, and Exhaustion |
| What are the 3 Psychological Reactions? | Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral |
| What are Cognitive changes? | Ruminative thinking, Catastrophizing, Functional fixedness, and decision thinking |
| What are Emotional changes? | Anxious, Fatigue, Tense, and Irritable |
| What are Behavioral changes? | Expressions, Sleep, Eating, Aggression, and Suicide |
| What are some benefits of brief stress? | Improving immune system response, motivating action, focusing priorities, feeling engaged/energized/satisfied |
| What are some consequences of stress? | Mental and physical coping systems become overwhelmed, and immune functioning and other health factors decline |
| What is a Type A personality? | Competitive, Time urgent, Hostile, and Aggresive |
| What is Type B personality? | Relaxed, One thing at a time, and Express feelings |
| What is Psychoneuroimmunology? | Psychological factors influence immune system and its functioning |
| Can changing how you think about stress help you with stress? | YES |
| What are the 2 types of positive coping strategies of stress? | Problem-focused and Emotion-focused |
| What is Social Psychology? | It examines how people affect one another and it looks at the power of the situation |
| What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? | Tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation. |
| What's Actor-Observer Bias? | Phenomenon of explaining other people's behaviors are due to internal factors and our behaviors are due to situational forces |
| What's Self-Serving Bias? | Tendency for individuals to take the credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes. |
| What's the Just World Hypothesis? | Ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they derserve, |
| What are Social Roles? | A pattern of behavior that is expected of a pattern in a given setting or group |
| What are Social Norms? | A groups expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its member |
| What is a Script? | A person's knowledge about the sequence of events expected ina. specific setting |
| What is Self Concept? | The way one thinks of oneself |
| What is Self-Esteem? | Evaluations people make about their worth as a human being |
| What is the definition of attitudes? | Our evaluation of a person, idea, or an object |
| What is the Foot-In-The-Door technique? | Tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a smaller one |
| What's the Door-In-The-Face technique? | Following up on an extravagant request with a reasonable one such that the (guilty) subject complies |
| What's the Low Ball Technique? | Pitching an attatractive offer and the increasing the price |
| What's Deindividualization? | Loss of own sense of identity to a large group |
| What's the Bystander Effect? | Phenomenon in which a witness doesnt volunteer to help a victim or person in distress |
| What's Social Facilitation and Interference? | The influence of those around you |
| What's Social Loafing? | Diffusion of responsibility |
| What's Groupthink? | Phenomenon where people tend to confirm with group decisions to avoid feeling outcast, leading to errors in decision making |
| What's Group Polarization? | Strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of reviews within a group |
| What are 3 Development domains? | Physical, Cognitive, and Psychological |
| What's Physical? | Involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health/wellness |
| What's Cognitive? | Involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity |
| What's Psychological? | Involves emotions, personality, and social relationships |
| What is the Normative Approach? | The study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specfic development milestones |
| What is Continuous Development? | Views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills |
| What's Discontinuous Development? | Views that development takes place in unique stages |
| What's the Achievement Gap? | Refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and (sometimes) genders |
| What's Schemata? | Concepts that are used to help us categorize and interpret information |
| What's Assimilation? | When you take in information that's comparable to that you already know |
| What's Accomodation? | When you change you schemata based on new information |
| What's the Sensorimotor Stage? | Children learn about the world through their senses and motor behavior |
| What's the Preoperational Stage? | Children can use symbols to represent words, images, and ideas |
| What's the Concrete Operational Stage? | Children can think logically about real events |
| What's the Formal Operational Stage | Children are able to think logically only about concrete events |
Created by:
scartwright4
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