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Exam 2 - Psych Disor
Intro to Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a psychological disorder? | a collection of symptoms marked by a "clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior" |
| How can a psych disorder be diagnosed? | 1) functional impairment - it begins to interfere with the ability to engage in normal day-to-day life 2) it is typically accompanied by significant personal distress |
| Strength of DSM-5-TR | - allows for "common language" between mental health professionals which allows them to communicate about cases |
| Weaknesses of DSM-5-TR | - there are reliability issues with some disorders |
| What is anxiety? | an unpleasant emotional state accompanied by physical arousal and feelings of tension and worry |
| what is an anxiety disorder? | extreme anxiety is core feature and causes significant disruption in functioning. |
| what are the 3 main anxiety disorders? | generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias |
| what is generalized anxiety disorder? (GAD) | - person is continually tense and uneasy - marked by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persist for 6+ months - difficult to identify, relieve, or avoid anxiety - it is "free floating" |
| what is panic disorder? | disorder in which an individual frequently experiences panic attacks |
| what are specific phobias? | persistent, intense, and irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation. |
| What is PTSD? | symptoms triggered in some but not all individuals exposed to highly traumatic events |
| what are symptoms of PTSD? | - recurring, intrusive, distressing memories or nightmares of the traumatic event - avoidance of situations or thoughts associated with the event - symptoms must persist for at least one month |
| what is cognition? | thoughts, memories, interpretations, and expectations influence anxiety |
| what is observational learning? | we may learn certain fears by observing others |
| what is hypervigilance? | people with anxiety more often interpret stimuli as threating |
| what is memory? | individuals with anxiety remember threatening events more readily. |
| what is classical conditioning in anxiety? | fear response can be linked to formerly neutral objects and events. individuals may learn to associate anxiety with certain objects, events, or activities following one very negative experience |
| what is stimulus generalization in anxiety? | after one highly anxiety-inducing event, individuals may generalize their fear to other, similar events. after having a car accident, the individual may fear all car rides and other forms of ground transportation |
| what is reinforcement in anxiety? | maintains anxieties - anything that enables us to avoid or escape a feared situation reinforced anxiety in the long run |
| what is major depressive disorder? MDD | mood disorder characterized by extreme and steady feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and/or hopelessness. this leads to decrease in emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functionning |
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anaelc
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