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Module 31 AP Psych
Module 31 AP Psych Unit 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier |
| Recognition | a measure of in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test |
| Relearning | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again |
| Ebbinghaus' retention curve | he found that the more times practiced a list of nonsense syllables on day 1, the less time he required to relearn it on day 2 |
| Encoding | the process of getting information into the memory system |
| Storage | the process of retaining encoded information over time |
| Retrieval | the process of getting information out of the memory storage |
| Parallel processing | processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously |
| Sensory memory | the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
| Working or short-term memory | it is a space for briefly storing recent thoughts and experiences |
| Long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
| Explicit memory | retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare” |
| Effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Automatic processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information such as word meanings |
| Implicit memory | retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection |
| Ionic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
| Echoic memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli, if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
| Capacity | the maximum amount of information that can be retained into memory |
| Decay | unless rehearsed, verbal information may be quickly forgotten |
| Chunking | organizing items into familiar manageable units for memorization |
| Mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organization devices |
| Hierarchies aid retrieval | when we organize words or concepts into hierarchy groups |
| Spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice |
| Testing effect | enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information |
| Shallow processing | encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words |
| Deep processing | encoding semantically, based on the words |
| Self-referencing effect | people encoding information different to relate to them personally |
Created by:
avaJwilliams
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