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Eco A Exam Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Precise | How close your measurements are to each other |
| Accurate | How close your measurement is to the correct/accepted value |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction based on observations (more than a guess!!) that describes a cause and effect relationship between variables |
| Experimental Group | Groups that are being tested |
| Control Group | Group used for comparison with your experimental groups. This is the “normal” group |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and occupies space |
| Atom | The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element |
| Cell | The most simple unit of life |
| Molecule | A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; |
| Surface Tension | Measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid/resist an external force |
| Solution | Uniform mixture of two or more substances |
| Solvent | Does the dissolving |
| Solute | What gets dissolved |
| Hydrophobic | Water loving |
| Hydrophilic | Water fearing |
| Macromolecule | Large organic molecules (carbon- containing) that make up all living things |
| Monomer | Small, basic sub-units |
| Polymer | Larger more complex structures made of monomers |
| Monosaccharide | Single sugar molecules |
| Polysaccharide | Larger sugar molecules |
| Homeostasis | Need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions. |
| Concentration | Amount of solute dissolved in solvent |
| Concentration Gradient | The process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles |
| Cell Cycle | A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. |
| Chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of thousands of genes and regulatory information. |
| Gene | A section of DNA with instructions for making a protein. Each human body cell has all of your DNA organized into 46 chromosomes. |
| Sister Chromatids | One half of a duplicated chromosome. |
| Centromere | Two identical chromatids |
| Telomere | Region of the condensed chromosomes that looks pinched. |
| Metastasize | Ends of the DNA molecule. |
| Carcinogens | Cancer causing agents; chemicals that cause cancer by mutating DNA |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions within each cell of an organism. |
| Chemical Reactions | The breaking and forming of bonds between different substances during chemical changes. |
| Catabolic | Break down larger molecules into simpler compounds |
| Anabolic | Build larger molecules from smaller ones |
| Substrate | Substance changed by the chemical reaction. |
| Product | Substance made the chemical reaction. |
| Enzyme | Mostly proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. |
| Catalyst | Substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered |
| Active Site | Where chemical reaction takes place. |
| Denaturation | Loss of biological activity |
| Photosynthesis | The process of turning light energy into chemical energy (glucose) |
| Chlorophyll | A pigment that absobs light energy in the thylakoids of the Grana. |
| Cellular Respiration | A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP |
| Anaerobic | Oxygen is absent. |
| Aerobic | Oxygen in present. |
| Exergonic | A release in energy |
| Endergonic | Requires consuming energy to do it |
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