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2nd 9 Weeks Test

Nine Weeks Test Review

TermDefinition
Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth that disrupts the cell cycle.
Cell Cycle Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis (IPMATC)
Mitosis Part of cell division with PMAT.
Daughter Cells The resulting cells of the cell cycle.
Genetic Material DNA or RNA. The sequence of nitrogen bases (or nucleotides) is responsible for traits and the genetic code.
S Phase The second part of Interphase where DNA is replicated.
M Phase Mitosis- where the nucleus divides.
DNA Replication When DNA makes identical copies for each new cell to have.
Nuclear Division Splitting of the nucleus.
DNA Molecule that codes for proteins, which are necessary for every day functions of an organism.
Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm and result is two cells.
Carbohydrate Provides structure to a DNA molecule. It is part of the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Transcription Transcribing DNA into mRNA. Two strands (DNA) to one strand (RNA).
mRNA mRNA is used to find the amino acid chain.
Polypeptide A short chain of amino acids.
Mutation A random change in DNA.
Somatic Cell Body cells. Do not pass on mutations to offspring.
Gamete Sex or reproductive cells. Ex: egg and sperm. Can pass mutations to offspring.
Substitution Mutation Replacing one nitrogen base with another.
Insertion Mutation Adding extra nitrogen base(s).
Translocation Mutation Moving nitrogen bases to a different location in the sequence.
Deletion Mutation Removing a nitrogen base(s) from a sequence of DNA.
Allele One version of a trait. A or a
Heterozygous Different versions of an allele. Aa
Homozygous Same versions of an allele. aa
Crossing Over Gametes will contain new allele combinations. This leads to genetic variation.
Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism. TT, Tt, or tt
Phenotype The observable physical characteristics of an organism. Tall or short
Dominant Always shows up. TT or Tt
Recessive Only shows up if two are present. tt
Gene A section of DNA that codes for a trait.
Complementary DNA The DNA bases that pair with each other. A-T, G-C.
G1, S, G2 Parts of Interphase where cells grow, replicate DNA, and a checkpoint before entering mitosis. G2 ensures healthy, undamaged daughter cells are made.
Created by: user-1880102
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