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Science Exam Finals

For Glenn C. Jones

TermFunction/Definition
Prokaryote A single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryote An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Organelle Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Cell Membrane Provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
Selectively Permeable Selectively permeable means some substances are able to pass through the membrane, while other substances are not able to pass through.
Cell Wall a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane.
Nucleus Serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell's control center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take place within the nucleus.
Cytoplasm Holds the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
Chloroplast Produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield.
Mitochondria Generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
Lysosome The digestive system of the cell.
Homeostasis Maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival.
Photosynthesis To allow plants to make their food by converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Cellular Respiration Break down glucose to produce ATP.
Response to Stimuli a response that annuls the cause that triggered the stimuli in the first place.
Stimuli/Stimulus anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change.
Metabolism The chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy.
Diffusion Helps in the movement of substances in and out of the cells.
Osmosis A process of movement of solvents through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
Ribosome The site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Vacuole Help isolate waste products.
Active Transport An energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells.
Passive Transport A type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.
ATP Source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
Created by: gunn135h4nn0n
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