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What is a cephalocaudal pattern?
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What is pruning?
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Human DV (3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cephalocaudal pattern? | 2 month fetus head is half of their body. -Grow from head down. |
| What is pruning? | At birth, babies have a lot of neurons and synapses. -Over supplied, so they prune, or get rid of, anything not needed. Don't use=lose. |
| What is the prefrontal cortex? | Higher order thinking, self regulation. -Over production peak at 3. |
| What are the two kinds of overproduction and pruning? | 1.) Experience expectant: Before birth. How brain genetically wires to receive stimuli. How brain "expects" to receive stimuli. 2.) Experience Dependent: How brain re-wires itself. Brain re-organizes self in response to one's experience. |
| What is the proximodistal pattern? | Pattern starts at center of body and works out. -Grow in to out. |
| Give an example of experience expectant and experience dependent. | -Experience Expectant: Infants have capacity to hear and make the sounds of all languages. -Experience Dependent: Only know your own languages sounds because you didn't use other language's noises. |
| Define lateralization. | Different hemispheres control different parts of the brain. -Left side of brain: Controls right side of body, handles grammar and language. -Right side of brain: Controls left side of body and is creative. |
| The brain is ________. | Plastic. It has a tendency to remain adaptable. |
| What is executive function? How does it relate to newborns? | Ability to control yourself: similar to a "filter". -Good night sleep correlated to higher level of it at age 4. |
| What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? | Infant stops breathing, usually at night, and dies. Highest cause of infant death in U.S. -Less likely with pacifier. -5 to 10 times more likely with low birth weight. -Siblings more often both have it. -AA and eskimo more likely. |
| Breast fed vs. Bottle fed. | -Consensus that breast fed better for babies. Benefits include appropriate weight gains, fewer allergies, and immunities. Contributes to infant's microbiomes. |
| 2 Issues for infant health are ______ and ______. Describe these. | 1.) Immunization. 2.) Accidents: major cause of death, especially 6 to 12 months. Aspiration of foreign objects common. Guns, car, fall, poisioning. |
| What is the dynamic systems theory? | Must perceive something in environment that motivates perception and action (coupled) and then use perception to fine-tune action. |
| What does the dynamic systems theory include? | -Problem solving: movement is a solution that leads to attaining goal. -New behavior is convergence of factors: development of nervous system, physical factors. |
| Describe habituation and dishabituation. | Habituation- Decrease in responsiveness to stimuli after repeated presentations. Dishabituation- Recovery of responsiveness after change in stimulus. |
| What are the four factors of cognitive development? | 1.) Biological maturation: Need fine motor coordination before can write. 2.) Physical environment: Learn from interaction with environment. 3.) Social experiences: Don't invent everything, learn from others. 4.) Equilibrium: Seek balance. |
| Define schemes. | Representation of thought or action. Can look or grasp but can't do both yet. |
| What are the two functions of adaption? | 1.) Assimilation: New info fits into existing schemes. For example, Tractor=Truck to kids. 2.) Accommodation: Bust or adjust. Kids realize the difference between truck and tractor. Or that there is a difference between bugs and insects. |
| What is the first stage of the theory of cognitive development? | Sensorimotor: ability to organize and coordinate sensations and perceptions with actions. |
| What are the hallmarks of sensorimotor? | 1.) Object Permanence: Out of sight means it doesn't exist. Peek-a-boo. 2.) Goal Directed Action: Reflex to purposeful. Holding hand. 3.) Physically Reverse an Action: Put shapes into designated hole on plastic box. |
| What is perceptual categorization? | Based on perceived characteristics- chairs because all chairs look alike. |
| What is conceptual categorization? | Culturally based, somewhat arbitrary categorization of objects, things, peoples, events, ideas. -Pluto used to be a planet, but our definition of planet changed. |
| Why are concepts and categories important? | Help us simplify, summarize, and organize. Without them each is unique; not able to make any generalizations. -Clutter without them. |
| Whas is privileged domains? | What we are pre-disposed to learn. Ex- language, living and non-living things. |
| Give the examples of privileged domains. | 1.) Physical concepts: Objects can't be midair. Physics. 2.) Biological concepts: Animate (can move self) vs. Inanimate (can't move self). 3.) Numeric: Habituate with pictures. 4.) Casuality: An inanimate object cannout move itself- has to be hit. |
| What is memory? What are the two types? | Retention of information. 1.) Implicit: Automatic procedures. Conditioned responses such as jumping at scare. 2.) Explicit: Facts and events. |
| Why don't we remember our second birthday? | Infantile or childhood amnesia. Prefontal lobes are not developed. -Infant's explicit memories are fragile and short lived. |
| Why does Patricia Kuhl call babies the citizens of the world? | Can perceive all sounds of all languages. 7 months- because of pruning, can no longer do so. Experience Dependent. |
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OliviaRoark
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