Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

AP Psych Learning

AP Psych Learning and Development unit

Question	Answer
Developmental Psychology	The study of how people grow and change physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally over their lifespan.
Chronological Development	The measurement of age based on time from birth.
Lifespan Development	The study of growth and change from conception to death.
Stability and Change	The debate on which traits persist and which change throughout life.
Nature and Nurture	The debate over whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) plays a larger role in development.
Continuous Development	The idea that development is a gradual, cumulative process.
Discontinuous Development	The idea that development occurs in distinct stages.
Menopause	The end of menstruation and reproductive ability in women, typically occurring in middle age.
Sex	Biological differences between males and females.
Gender	Social and cultural roles, behaviors, and identity associated with being male or female.
Socialization	The process of learning norms, values, and behaviors appropriate to society.
Schemas	Mental frameworks that help organize and interpret information.
Assimilation	Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.
Accommodation	Adjusting schemas to fit new experiences.
Sensorimotor Stage	Piaget’s first stage (birth-2 years) where infants learn through sensory experiences and motor activities.
Object Permanence	Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible.
Preoperational Stage	Piaget’s second stage (2-7 years) where children use symbols and language but lack logical reasoning.
Mental Symbols	Internal representations of objects and events that allow for thought without direct interaction.
Pretend Play	Symbolic play where children act out roles and scenarios using imagination.
Conservation	Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement.
Reversibility	Understanding that actions can be undone or reversed.
Animism	The belief that inanimate objects have human-like qualities.
Egocentrism	The inability to see the world from another person’s perspective.
Theory of Mind	Understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives different from one's own.
Concrete Operational Stage	Piaget’s third stage (7-11 years) where children develop logical thinking but struggle with abstract ideas.
Systematic Thinking	Logical and organized problem-solving skills.
Formal Operational Stage	Piaget’s fourth stage (12+ years) where abstract and hypothetical thinking develops.
Abstract Thinking	The ability to think about complex concepts beyond direct experience.
Hypothetical Thinking	Thinking about possibilities and situations that are not grounded in reality.
Scaffolding	Vygotsky’s concept of providing temporary support to help a learner master a task.
Zone of Proximal Development	The range between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help.
Crystallized Intelligence	Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills that increase with age.
Fluid Intelligence	The ability to think abstractly and solve novel problems, which declines with age.
Dementia	A decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life.
Language	A system of communication using symbols, sounds, and grammar.
Phonemes	The smallest units of sound in language.
Morphemes	The smallest units of meaning in language.
Semantics	The meaning of words and language.
Grammar	Rules for structuring sentences and words in a language.
Syntax	The arrangement of words to form meaningful sentences.
Nonverbal Gestures	Movements and facial expressions that communicate meaning.
Cooing	Early vowel-like sounds made by infants.
Babbling	Repetitive consonant-vowel sounds made by infants.
One-Word Stage	Stage in language development where toddlers use single words to express whole ideas.
Telegraphic Speech	Early speech stage in which toddlers use short, simple sentences without unnecessary words.
Overgeneralization of Language Rules	Applying language rules too broadly, such as saying “goed” instead of “went.”
Ecological Systems Theory	Bronfenbrenner’s theory that development is influenced by different levels of environmental systems.
Microsystem	The immediate environment influencing an individual (e.g., family, school).
Mesosystem	Connections between different microsystems (e.g., interaction between home and school).
Exosystem	External settings that affect an individual indirectly (e.g., parents’ workplace).
Macrosystem	Broader cultural values and societal influences.
Chronosystem	How life events and historical contexts impact development.
Stage Theory of Psychosocial Development (Erikson)	A theory of eight stages of personality development across the lifespan.
Trust vs. Mistrust	Infants learn to trust caregivers or develop mistrust (0-1 year).
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt	Toddlers develop independence or doubt their abilities (1-3 years).
Initiative vs. Guilt	Children take initiative in activities or feel guilt for being independent (3-6 years).
Industry vs. Inferiority	Children develop pride in accomplishments or feel inferior (6-12 years).
Identity vs. Role Confusion	Adolescents explore personal identity or feel confused about who they are (12-18 years).
Intimacy vs. Isolation	Young adults form relationships or experience loneliness (20s-40s).
Generativity vs. Stagnation	Adults contribute to society or feel a lack of purpose (40s-60s).
Integrity vs. Despair	Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret (60+ years).
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)	Traumatic events during childhood that impact lifelong health and well-being.
Achievement (Adolescent Development)	Commitment to an identity after exploring options.
Diffusion (Adolescent Development)	Lack of commitment or exploration of identity.
Foreclosure (Adolescent Development)	Commitment to an identity without exploration.
Moratorium (Adolescent Development)	Actively exploring identity without commitment.
Racial/Ethnic Identity	Sense of belonging to a racial or ethnic group.
Sexual Orientation	Enduring patterns of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction.
Religious Identity	Sense of belonging to a religious group.
Occupational Identity	Understanding of one’s career aspirations and goals.
Familial Identity	Sense of self in relation to one’s family.
Possible Selves	Concepts of what one might become in the future.
Behavioral Perspective	Psychological approach focusing on observable behaviors and learning.
Classical Conditioning	Learning through association between stimuli.
Association	Linking two stimuli together.
Acquisition	Initial stage of learning in classical or operant conditioning.
Associative Learning	Learning that certain events occur together.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)	A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
Unconditioned Response (UCR)	A natural reaction to the UCS.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)	A previously neutral stimulus that, after conditioning, triggers a response.
Conditioned Response (CR)	A learned response to a conditioned stimulus.
Extinction	The disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
Spontaneous Recovery	The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause.
Stimulus Discrimination	Learning to respond only to a specific stimulus.
Stimulus Generalization	Responding similarly to similar stimuli.
Higher-Order Conditioning	When a new neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by being paired with an existing conditioned stimulus.
Counterconditioning	Replacing an undesired response with a desirable one through conditioning.
Taste Aversion	A learned avoidance of a particular food due to illness or nausea.
One-Trial Conditioning	Learning that occurs after a single pairing of a stimulus and response.
Biological Preparedness	Innate tendencies to form certain associations more easily.
One-Trial Learning	Learning that occurs immediately after one exposure.
Habituation	A decrease in response to a repeated stimulus over time.
Operant Conditioning	Learning based on consequences of behavior.
Reinforcement	A stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Punishment	A stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Law of Effect	Behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened, and behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.
Instinctive Drift	Tendency for animals to revert to instinctual behaviors despite conditioning.
Superstitious Behavior	Behavior that is accidentally reinforced, leading to repeated actions.
Learned Helplessness	Feeling powerless due to repeated negative experiences.
Reinforcement Schedules	Patterns of reinforcement delivery.
Social Learning Theory	Learning through observation and imitation.
Vicarious Conditioning	Learning by watching others be rewarded or punished.
Modeling	Imitating others’ behaviors.
Insight Learning	Sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
Latent Learning	Learning that occurs but is not immediately demonstrated.
Cognitive Maps	Mental representations of spatial environments.

Created by: Whxteverr_Official

Popular Psychology sets

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 01 Vocabulary

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 02 Vocabulary

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 08 Vocabulary

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 09 Vocabulary

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 03 Vocabulary

AP Psychology Human Development

Balance Courage with Considerations/ Make deposits in other people's EBA

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 11 Vocabulary

Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 05 Vocabulary

All key terms and key studies from Attachments - AQA

All key terms and key studies from Psychopathology

All key terms from Research Methods

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: