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Drive-reduction theory
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Psych Unit 9 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Instincts | A rigidly patterned complex behavior unlearned in a species |
| Drive-reduction theory | When physiological needs increase, so do our drives to reduce them |
| Optimum arousal theory | States people perform best with moderate arousal level |
| Yerkes-Dodson law | Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance |
| Self-determination theory | Autonomy, competence, relatedness underline growth and development |
| Sensation-seeking theory | The need for new sensations and the willingness to take risks for them |
| Lewin's motivational conflicts theory | Individuals are motivated to resolve conflicts |
| Approach-approach conflict | Deciding between two appealing choices |
| Approach-avoidance conflict | One thing that has both positive and negative effects |
| Avoidance-avoidance conflict | Deciding between two objectionable choices |
| Intrinsic motivation | Doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction |
| Extrinsic motivation | Any reason someone does something other than the joy of the task |
| Set point | The point at which your "weight thermostat" may be set |
| Ghrelin | "I'm hungry" hormone secreted by empty stomach |
| Leptin | Secreted by fat cells, increases metabolism and decreases hunger |
| Hormones | Messenger molecules in the body |
| Hypothalamus | Controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst |
| Pituitary gland | Makes hormones, controls other glands and therefore some functions of the body |
| Social facilitation | Performance improves in the pressure of others |
| Affiliation need | The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group |
| Ostracism | Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups |
| Emotion | A whole organism response involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, an conscious experience |
| James-Lange theory (AP: in succession) | Our experience of emotions is our awareness of our physiological response to our emotion-arousing stimulus |
| Cannon-Bard theory (AP: simultaneously) | An emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion |
| Broaden-and-build theory | Experience of positive emotions broadens people's thought-emotion repertoires (good emotions --> good vibes --> better life) |
| Two-factor theory (AP: requiring a cognitive label) | Emotion requires physical arousal and cognitive appraisal |
| Facial feedback effect | Facial muscle states trigger corresponding feelings |
| Universal emotions | Emotions that are universal, the six are anger, disgust, happiness, surprise, fear, and sadness |
| Emotional display rules | Cultural etiquette for how to express emotions |
| Catharsis | The idea that "releasing" aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges |
| Feel-good, do-good phenomenon | The tendency to be helpful when in a good mood |
| Positive psychology | The scientific study of human flourishing |
| Relative deprivation | The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself |
| Stress | The process of appraising and responding to a threatening or challenging event |
| Eustress | Normal stress; beneficial |
| Distress | Overwhelming stress; detrimental |
| General adaptation syndrome | The body's adaptive response to stress in three phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
| Tend and befriend theory | Under stress, people (especially women) provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others |
| Fight-flight-freeze response | Your body's automatic reaction to perceived danger |
| Health psychology | Provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine |
| Immune suppression | A weakened immune system caused by stress |
| Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) | Potentially traumatic childhood events |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Coping | Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods |
| Problem-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress directly |
| Emotion-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress by attending to emotional needs |
| Learned helplessness | When someone doesn't believe they can change a situation so they don't try |
| External locus of control | Blaming external forces for circumstances |
| Internal locus of control | Believing one is in control of their actions |
| Mindfulness meditation | A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgemental and accepting matter |
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mejones
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