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Ch. 5 Memory

Pychology Schacter Gilbert Wegner

QuestionAnswer
Memory memory: The ability to store and retrieve information over time.
Encoding encoding: The process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory.
Storage storage: The process of maintaining information in memory over time.
Retreival retrieval: The process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored.
Elaborative Encoding elaborative encoding: The process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory.
Visual Imagry Encoding visual imagery encoding: The process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures
Organizational Encoding organizational encoding: The act of categorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items.
Memory Storage memory storage: The process of maintaining information in memory over time.
Sensory Memory Store sensory memory store: The place in which sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less.
Iconic Memory iconic memory: A fast-decaying store of visual information.
Echoic Memory echoic memory: A fast-decaying store of auditory information.
Short-term Memory Store short-term memory store: A place where nonsensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute.
Rehearsal rehearsal: The process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it.
Chunking chunking: Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory.
Working Memory working memory: Active maintenance of information in short-term storage.
Long Term Memory Store long-term memory store: A place where information can be kept for hours, days, weeks, or years.
Anteriograde Amnesia anterograde amnesia: The inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store.
Retrograde Amnesia retrograde amnesia: The inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation.
Long-term Potenation long-term potentiation (LTP): Enhanced neural processing that results from the strengthening of synaptic connections.
NMDA Receptor NMDA receptor: A hippocampal receptor site that influences the flow of information from one neuron to another across the synapse by controlling the initiation of long-term potentiation
Retreival Cue retrieval cue: External information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind.
Encoding Specifity Principle encoding specificity principle: The idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded.
State-dependent Retreival encoding specificity principle: The idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded.
Transfer Appropriate Processing transfer-appropriate processing: The idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when we process information in a way that is appropriate to the retrieval cues that will be available later.
Explicit Memory explicit memory: The act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences.
Implicit Memory implicit memory: The influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them.
Procedural Memory procedural memory: The gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or "knowing how," to do things.
Priming priming: An enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus.
Symantic Memory semantic memory: A network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world.
Episodic Memory episodic memory: The collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
Transience transience: Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time.
Retroactive Interference retroactive interference: Situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier.
Proactive Interference proactive interference: Situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later.
Absentmindedness absentmindedness: A lapse in attention that results in memory failure.
Propspective Memory prospective memory: Remembering to do things in the future.
Blocking blocking: A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it.
Tip-of-the-toungue Experience tip-of-the-tongue experience: The temporary inability to retrieve information that is stored in memory, accompanied by the feeling that you are on the verge of recovering the information.
Memory Misattribution memory misattribution: Assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source.
Source Memory source memory: Recall of when, where, and how information was acquired.
False Recgnition false recognition: A feeling of familiarity about something that hasn't been encountered before.
Suggestability suggestibility: The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections.
Bias bias: The distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences.
Persistance persistence: The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget.
Flashbulb Memories flashbulb memories: Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events.
Created by: chalonlauren
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