click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Percep Dvlpmnt 1
Mid-term 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Saccadic eye movements | ex. moving eyes, not head. Jumps when for example looking at the screen then the map. No visual sensitivity during the 'jump'. |
Affordance | refers to the fit between an animal's capabilities and the environmental supports and opportunities that make given activities possible |
Pursuit eye movements | Useful for tracking (visually following a moving object) |
Rationalism- nativism | beleief that ideas about major concepts, such as space, time and casuality were innate, planted in our minds w/o learning and we use these to construct our views of the world |
Empiricst | all perception is the outcome of experience |
J.J. Gibson's ecological approach to perception | 3 major ideas. Affordance, information and information pick-up |
information | how events in the world are specified for perceivers in ambient arrays of energy. |
information pick-up | how the information is obtained by an active perceiver and what is usually perceived. |
motion cues | in depth perception, requires some kind of motion |
binocular cues | requiqres the use of both eyes |
monocular cues | requires only one eye |
Kinetic cues | cues created by mvmnts of objects or mvmnts of the body; provide important information for the perception of forms and spatial relations; determined by dramatically changing obj. size. babies become sensitive btwn 1-3 months |
looming | the expansion of the image of an object to take up the entire visual field as it draws near. |
motion parallax | ex. riding in a car and the objs. near go by really fast, while objs. far away go by slowly |
stereoscopic information | produced by binocular disparity- the difference btwn the image on each retina |
stereopsis | fusion of two flat images to produce a single image that has depth. |
pictorial cues/ monocular | they are the same cues that artists use to convey information for a 3D scene on a 2D canvas. only requires one eye to see the depth |
Mind-body problem | claim that mental phenomena is distinct from the body |
Accommodation | The ciliary muscles in your eyes stretch the lens within your eye and make it thinner when you are looking at something far away (and the opposite when looking at something closer). |
Occlusion | ex. seeing 3 houses, and one is partly covered by the first lets you know that the house you can see completely is in front of the other |
tests for face perception | classifying gender, gaze direction judgements, face matching and face vs. non-face deciphering |
tests for basic form perception | shape matching, visual memory, matching transformed (rotated) shapes |
Obtrovsky. "vision following extended cogenital blindness" | case of SRD a girl in india deprived of vision 'til 12yrs. b/c of cataracts. by 32yrs she was integrated in society and could perform well on visual tasks. just hard to gage a persons gage. used head orientation as judgement, not eyes |
Yonas. Hartmond. "Perceiving the affordance of contact in four and five month old infants | to test if infants could perceive if an obj is positioned @ a distance that would make contact possible (depth perception). infants reaching consistently lower when obj was out of reach |
When do infants become sensitive to pictorial cues? | @ 5-7 months old. |
Learmonth. "Toddlers use of metric information and landmarks to reorient" | hid a toy in a room, disoriented child, then watched where child went to find toy. kids encoded wall length, but couldn't decipher between geometrically identical corners. When landmarks were brought in, success rose. |
Lee. "Longitudinal expressions of infant's prehension as a function of object properties" | Infants given cups w/ balls of different weights in them. as time went on, infants handled cups better indicating better understand of the objects properties |
Visual angle | how many degrees you have to move your eyes to look at a new target |
"Sticky glove" experiment | ten mins. a day for two weeks, parents had kids wearing a velcro glove @ table w/ toys & if kids reach, obj attaches and brings it to child. prior experience of having attained an obj wen reaching changed infants interactions w/ objs. |
auditory perception: Vigilance | being able to remain a general high level of attention in a boring task |
auditory perception: selective attention | lots of information available and you have to tune out the irrelevant data |
Crawling important attributes | Balance Propulsion Steering |