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Most Missed Test 2
Psychology 100 Midterm 2 Most Missed Topics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gene-Environment Interactions | Effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed |
| Nature via Nuture | Individuals with certain genetic predispositions seek out/create environments that permit the expression of their predispositions |
| Gene Expression | Activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development |
| Reinforcement | (aka Goal-increased behavior) Outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior |
| Positive Reinforcement | Positive outcome or consequence of a behavior strengthens the probability of the behavior |
| Negative Reinforcement | Removal of a negative outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior |
| Punishment | Outcome of a behavior that decreases the probability of the behavior |
| Positive Punishment | Addition of unpleasant consequence of a behavior that decreases the probability of the behavior |
| Negative Punishment | Removal of a pleasant consequence of a behavior that decreases the probability of the behavior |
| Discriminant Stimulus (Sd) | Stimulus associated with the presence of reinforcement |
| Glutamine | Main excitatory neurotransmitter - interacts with Alcohol, memory enhancers |
| Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) | Main inhibitory neurotransmitter - interacts with Alcohol and antianxiety drugs |
| Acetylcholine (Ach) | Muscle contraction and cortical arousal - interacts with memory enhancers, botox insecticides, nicotine |
| Norepinephrine (NE) | Cortical arousal - interacts with Amphetamine, methampletamine |
| Dopamine | Motor function and reward - interacts with L-Dopa, antipsychotic drugs |
| Serotonin | Cortical arousal - interacts with Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Endorphins | Pain reduction - interacts with Narcotic Drugs (codeine, morphine, heroin) |
| Anadamide | Pain reduction, increase in appetite - interacts with Tetrahydrocannabinal (THC) |
| Temperament | Basic emotional style that appears early in development and is largely genetic on origin |
| 3 Temperamental Styles (Who?) | Thomas and Chess - Easy, Difficult, Slow-to-Warm-Up |
| 4th Temperamental Styles (Who?) | Kagan - Behavioral Inhibition |
| The Law of Effect | Principle asserting if a stimulus followed by a behavior results in a reward, the stimulus is more likely to elicit the behavior in the future |
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