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Presentation 5
Psychology 100 Stress, Coping and Health Chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress | Tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope effectively |
| Stressor | Situation that strains our ability to cope effectively |
| Traumatic Event | Event severe enough to have the potential to produce long-term psychological or health consequences |
| Stress As Stimuli | Focus on identifying different types of stressful events |
| Stress as a Transaction | Focus on how people interpret and cope with stress |
| Primary Appraisal | Initial decision - is event harmful? |
| Secondary Appraisal | Given decision - how to cope? |
| Problem-Focused Coping | Tackle life's challenges head-on |
| Emotion-Focused Coping | Positive outlook on feelings or situations. Behaviors to reduce painful emotions |
| Stress as a Response | Focus on assessing psychological and physical reactions to stressful circumstances |
| Hassles | Minor annoyances or nuisances that strain our ability to cope |
| Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Stress-response pattern consisting of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages |
| Alarm Reaction | Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis arousal |
| Resistance Stage | Adapting to stressor and finding ways to cope with it |
| Tend and Befriend | Some people nurture or seek social support under stress |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | Psychological condition that may follow trauma which involves: vivid flashbacks, efforts to avoid reminders of the trauma, feelings of detachment, increased arousal |
| Brain-Body Reaction to Stress | Suggestion alone can produce an uncomfortable rash much like that produced by poison ivy in people who are highly sensitive to it. |
| The Immune System | Body's defense system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances |
| Phagocytes | Consists of Neutrophils and Macrophages |
| Neutrophils | Engulfs invaders |
| Macrophages | Eat antigens, waste |
| Lymphocytes | Consists of T Cells and B Cells |
| T Cells | "KIller T"; pop infected cells |
| B Cells | Produce antibodies, which flag invaders for destruction |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Life-threatening, incurable (yet treatable) condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | Study of the relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system |
| Biopsychosocial Perspective | An illness or medical condition is produced by the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors |
| Psychophysiological | Illness in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition |
| Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) | Damage to the heart from blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart |
| Social Support | Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources |
| Behavioral Control | Problem-focused coping is more effective than avoidance oriented coping |
| Cognitive Control | Cognitive restructuring allows people to think differently about negative emotions |
| Decisional Control | Ability to choose among alternative courses of action |
| Informational Control | Proactive coping-anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping |
| Emotional Control | Ability to suppress and express emotions |
| Catharsis | Expressing what we feel |
| Flexible Coping | Instructing somebody NOT to think of something makes them think about it more |
| Hardiness | Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful events |
| Optimism | Associated with lower mortality, fewer physical complaints, less distress |
| Self-enhancement | People who are self-centered adjust well |
| Spirituality and Religious Involvement | Search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God |
| Rumination | Focusing on negative feelings related to problems, and analyzing causes and consequences of problems |
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