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Chapter 8 Vocab
Vocab. Flash cards (Ch. 8)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The person currently in office | incumbent |
| The tendency of lesser-known or weaker candidates to profit in an election by the presence on the ticket of a more popular candidate | coattails |
| A committee set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or special-interest group that raises and spends campaign contributions on behalf of one or more candidates or causes | political action committee |
| Drawing the boundaries of political districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to make it easy for candidates of the party in power to win elections in those districts | gerrymandering |
| An increase in the votes that congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection | sophomore surge |
| An issue dividing the electorate on which rival parties adopt different policy positions to attract voters | position issue |
| An issue on which voters distinguish rival parties by the degree to which they associate each party or candidate with conditions, goals, or symbols the electorate universally approves or disapproves of. Examples: political prosperity & corruption | valence issue |
| An election used to fill an elective office | general election |
| An election prior to the general election in which voters select the candidates who will run on each party's ticket | primary election |
| A primary election limited to registered party members | closed primary |
| A primary election that permits voters to choose on election day the primary in which they wish to vote | open primary |
| A primary election that permits all voters, regardless of party, to choose candidates | blanket primary |
| A second primary election held in some states when no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the first primary; the runoff is between the two candidates with the most votes | runoff primary |
| Held to select delegates to the presidential nominating conventions of the major parties | presidential primary |
| Spending by political action committees on political matters that is done directly and not by giving money to a candidate or party | independent expenditure |
| Funds solicited from individuals, corporations, and unions that are spend on party activities, such as voter-registration campaigns and voting drives, rather than on behalf of a specific candidate | soft money |
| Voting for a candidate because one favors his or her ideas for addressing issues after the election | prospective voting |
| Voting for or against the candidate or party in office because one likes or dislikes how thing have gone in the recent past | retrospective voting |
| Drawing the boundaries of political districts so that districts are very unequal in population | malapportionment |
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