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Ch6 Circulatory Sys
McGraw-Hill Emergency Care 2nd Edition Ch6 part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | cardiovascular and lymphatic systems |
| Cardiovascular System | 3 main parts= heart, blood, and blood vessels |
| Lymphatic System | lymph, lyphm nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, splee, and the thymus gland |
| Great Vessels | attach heart to the chest- pulmonary arteries and viens, aorta, superior and inferior vena cavae |
| Atria | 2 upper chambers (right and left)- recieve blood from body and lungs |
| Ventricles | 2 lower chanbers (right and left)- pump blood to lungs and body |
| Plasma | liquid portion of blood - carries oxygen, blood cells, vitamins, proteins, glucose, and other substances |
| Erythrocytes | 1. pick up oxygen from the lungs and transport to body tissues 2. pick up carbon dioxide from body tissues and transport it to lungs |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells- attack and destroy germs that enter body |
| Platelets | thrombocytes- irregular shaped blood cells that are sticky |
| Arteries | arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart |
| Arterioles | smallest branch of arteries |
| Capillaries | smallest and most numerous blood vessels |
| Venules | smallest branches of veins |
| Veins | vessels that RETURN blood to the heart |
| Pulse | regular expansion and recoil of an artery - movement of blood from heart |
| Pulses | carotid, femoral, radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis |
| Blood Pressure | force exerted by blood on the inner walls of heart and arteries |
| Systolic Pressure | pressure in artery when heart is pumping |
| Diastolic Pressure | pressure in artery when heart is at rest |
| Perfusion | flow of blood through an organ or part of body |
| Shock | hypoperfusion- inadequate flow of blood through an organ or part of body |
| Nervous system | collection of specialized cells conduct info to and from brain -voluntary/involuntary activites and higher mental function |
| Central Nervous System | consists of brain and spinal cord |
| Cranium | protects the brain |
| Foramen Magnum | spinal cord and canal pass through this |
| Meninges | covering of brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | clear liquid circulated continuously and acts a shock absorber |
| Cerebrum | largest part of the human brain |
| Corpus Callosum | thick bundle of nerve fibers and joins the 2 hemispheres |
| Frontal Lobe | control goal oriented behavior, personality, short term memory, programming and integrationof motor skills and speech |
| Parietal Lobe | recieves and processes info on touch, taste, pressure, pain, heat, and cold |
| Occiptal Lobe | recieves and interperts visual info |
| Temporal Lobe | recieve auditory signals and inerperts language. Also involved in personality, behavior, emotion, long term memory, taste, smell, and influence on balance |
| Cerebellum | 2nd largest part of brain- controls precise movement, posture, and balance |
| Diencephalon | between cerebrum and brainstem - contains the thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Thalamus | relay station for impulses going to and from cerebrum |
| Hypothalamus | control of thirst, hunger, and body temp. |
| Brainstem | midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata - relay station for auditory and visual signals |
| Spinal Cord | Continuous w/ medulla and center for reflex activities |
| Pons | respiration- bridge connects parts of brain w/ other by tracts |
| Medulla Oblongata | lowest part of brainstem- controls respiration, reflexes, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting |
| Peripheal Nervous System | 12 pairs of cranial nerves linked directly to the brain |
| Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs that relay impulses to and from the spinal cord - sensory, motor, and mixed nerves |
| Somatic Division | voluntary receptors and nerves concerned w/ external enviroment |
| Autonomic Division | involuntary recepters and nerves concerned w/ internal enviroment |
| Sympathetic Division | mobilizes energy - fight or flight response |
| Parasympathetic Division | conserves and restores energy |
| Integumentary System | skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands |
| Epidermis | outer portion of skin |
| Dermis | thick layer of skin below epidermis- hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, small nerve endings, and blood vessels |
| Subcutaneous | thick and lies below the dermis- fat and insulates body from temp changes |
| Ingestion | digestive system brings nutrients, h2o, and electrolytes into body |
| Digestion | chemically breaks down food into smaller parts for easier absorption |
| Absorption | moves nutrients, h2o, electrolytes into circulatory system so can be used by body cells |
| Defecation | eliminates unabsorbed waste |
| Chyme | partially digested food |
| Small Intestine | 20 feet long, small diameter, 3 sections= duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| Large Intestine | 5 feet long. sections= cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal |
| Liver | largest internal organ, produces bile |
| Gallbladder | stores bile until it's needed by small intestine |
| Pancreas | secretes juices that contain enzymes for protein, carbohydrates, and fat digestion into small intestine |
| Endocrine System | system of glands that secrete chemicals into circulatory system |
| Thyroid Gland | in the neck just below the larynx, and stimulates body heat and bone growth |
| Parathyroid Gland | behind thyroid gland and secretes hormones that maintain calcium levels |
| Adrenal Gland | on top of each kidney and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Pituitary Gland | deep in cranial cavity and regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
| Pineal Gland | center of brain, produces melatonin, and regulates daily rhythms |
| Islets of Langerhans | located in pancreas, alpha cells=glicagon and beta cells= insulin |
| Thymus Gland | body's immune system |
| Ovaries | secrete estrogen |
| Testes | secrete testosterone |
| Reproductive System | makes sperm or eggs that allow continuation of human species |
| Male Reproductive Ducts | epididymis, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, and urethra |
| Seminal Vesicles | secrete fluid to nourish and protect sperm |
| Prostate Gland | secretes fluid to speed sperm movement up and neutralize acidity in vagina |
| Penis | outlet for sperm and urine |
| Scrotum | loose sac of skin housing the testes |
| Ovaries | almond shaped organs that produce eggs |
| Fallopian Tubes | recieve and transport eggs to uterus after ovulation |
| Uterus | hollow muscular organ (fertilized eggs implant and recieve nourishment until birth) |
| Vagina | birth canal |
| Mammary Glands | milk production after delivery of infant |
| Kidneys | produce urine and maintain h2o balance, regulate blood pressure |
| Ureters | tubes that drain urine from kidneys to the bladder |
| Urinary Bladder | temporary storage for urine |
| Urethra | canal that passes urine from bladder to outside the body |
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redbone7266
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