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Nat. Review chpt. 10

Endocrine system

QuestionAnswer
Hormones Chemical messengers of the body made primarily from proteins and steroids
Pituitary gland Small gland beneath the hypothalamus made up of two lobes also known as the "master gland"
Anterior pituitary Produces growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
Growth hormone Controls growth of bone and soft tissue, increases glycogen synthesis and fat metabolism in the body
Thyroid-stimulating hormone Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone for regulation of metabolism
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Stimulates growth and development of adrenal cortex, stimulates adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones
Prolactin Stimulates milk production, promotes breast development durring pregnancy
Follicle-stimulating hormone Stimulates development of follicles in females and sperm in males
Luteinizing hormone Acts with follicle-stimulating hormone to develop folicles and promote ovulation in females and stimulate secretion of testosterone from the testes in males
Posterior pituitary Produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, also called vasopressin
Oxytocin Stimulates contraction of uterus in childbirth and milk let-down from mammary glands in the breast
Thyroid gland Bow-tie shaped gland in neck just below larynx
Thyroxine Increases metabolic rate and regulates rate of growth aided by triiodothyronine
Calcitonin Lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting release from bone tissue
Parathyroid glands 4-5 tiny glands embedded in the posterior of the thyroid
Parathyroid hormone Promotes calcium mobilization from bone tissue and calcium absorption from the intestines
Pancreas Long gland inferior to the stomach, contains alpha, beta and delta pancreatic islet cells
Pancreatic islet cells Islets of Langerhans
Islets of Langerhans Cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ; secrete insulin and other hormones
Insulin Hormone that lowers blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells
Glucagon Hormone that increases blood sugar levels by various means
Adrenal glands Pyramid-shaped glands located above the kidneys, divided into cortex and medulla
Suprarenal glands Adrenal glands
Adrenal cortex Produces cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
Cortisol Released in response to stress, increases blood sugar, fatty acid immobilization, and immunosuppression
Aldosterone Helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium uptake and potassium secretion by the kidneys
Sex hormones Regulates sexual development and drive
Testosterone Regulates production of sperm cells, development of penis and accessory glands and causes development of male secondary characteristics ex. deeper voice
Estrogen Regulates menstrual changes and sex drive, responsible for development of secondary sexual organs, ex. mammary glands), and secondary sexual characteristics, ex. breast growth
Progesterone Develops uterus in preperation for egg implantation, prevents spontanious abortion by preserving lining of uterus
Adrenal medulla Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine Produces sympathetic response
Norepinephrine Produces sympathetic response slightly less intense then epinephrine
Gonads Glands that produce gametes and sex hormones
Gametes Sex cells
Testes Male gonads, produces testosterone
Ovaries Female gonads, produce extrogen and progesterone
Thymus Organ found in mediastinum above heart that produces t-cells
T-cells Specialized lymphocytes used in immunity
Thymosin Stimulates t-cells that have already been produced
Pineal gland Small gland found in midbrain
Melatonin Regulates sleep-wake cycles
Kidneys Filters blood and produces urine and hormones
Renin Stimulates increased water retention thus increasing blood pressure
Erythropoietin Stimulates production of red blood cells by red bone marrow
Placenta Organ responsible for regulating gas, nutrient, waste, and hormonal exchange between mother and fetus durring pregnancy
Human chorionic gonadotropin Stimulates action of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin
Stomach Major organ of digestive system, secretes hormones that stimulate gallbladder and pancreas promoting digestion and informing the brain when you have had enough
Created by: skpoem
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