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Macrominerals
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Lecture 6 9/14/11 E1
Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| % of dry body weight | 3-5% |
| Macrominerals | -major minerals -needed in larger amounts in the diet -measured in % or g/kg -Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, K, S |
| Microminerals | -trace minerals -needed in relatively small dietary amounts -measured in ppm or mg/kg -Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, I, Se, Co, Mo, F (most needed to least) |
| Affects on Mineral Deficiencies/Imbalances | -performance -disease resistance -reproduction |
| Symptoms of Mineral Deficiencies/Imbalances | -weight loss -unhealthy look (skin, coat, hair, etc.) |
| Occurence of Mineral Deficiencies/Imbalances | -low dietary levels relative to requirements -low bioavailability -level of antagonistic minerals |
| Calcium | -Ca -~1/2 of body's total minerals -effects bone & teeth, muscle contraction, nerve function -sources: dairy products, green leafy vegetables, forages |
| Phosphorus | -P -~1/4 of body's total minerals -"master mineral": involved in almost every metabolic process -sources: dairy products, grains(ruminants only) |
| Ca:P Ratio | -2:1 -meeting requirements -safe range: 1.5:1-6:1 -too low: results in urinary calculi |
| Sodium | -Na -extracellular cation and acid-base balance |
| Chlorine | -Cl -osmotic pressure and acid-base -HCl in stomach |
| Magnesium | -Mg -enzyme activator |
| Sulfur | -S -Sulfur-containing amino acids (high protein feeds are a good source) -Biotin and Thiamine |
| Potassium | -K -intracellular cation and acid-base -muscle activity -found in forages and molasses |
| Mineral Supplementation | -Salt(NaCl): 38.8%Na, 60.0%Cl -Limestone(calcium carbonate): 37.1%Ca -Dicalcium Phosphate: 21.8%Ca, 18.5%P -Potassium Chloride -Magnesium Chloride |
| Cobalt | -Co -vitamin B12 |
| Copper | -Cu -hair pigmentation |
| Flourine | -F -tooth decay -excess is more of a concern |
| Iron | -Fe -cellular respiration -hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes |
| Iodine | -I -Thyroxine |
| Manganese | -Mn -metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids |
| Molybdenum | -Mo -nucleic acid metabolism |
| Selenium | -Se -protects against membrane damage -very narrow range |
| Zinc | -Zn -enzyme cofactor -hair, feather, skin |
| Mineral Functions | -Structural material(skeleton, protein synthesis) -Regulators(O2 transport, fluid balance, acid-base balance, enzyme systems, relationship with vitamins) |
| Mineral Sources | -Forages: generally good(good source Ca, low P) -Grains: moderate P source(low in others, almost devoid of Ca) -trace minerals ofted related to soil concentration -water -availablity can be a major problem |
| Mineral Summary | -inorganic nutrient -produces no energy -used as structural material and body regulators -macro and microminerals -forages and grains are very different sources -balances are very important |
Created by:
ickbutt
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