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UCMT Pathology II

Flashcards for Pathology 2 at UCMT

QuestionAnswer
What hormone is released that causes itching within the skin? Histamines
What are the three major structures of the integumentary system? Skin, Hair and nails.
What is the term used for an abnormal lump, bump, ulcer, sore, or colored area on the skin? Lesion
What does congenital mean? A person is born with it.
Describe nevus; A birthmark or mole with a large accumulation of melanocytes.
What does dysplastic mean? Abnormal growth.
What is a blue nevus' common characteristics? Very dark and irregular.
What is a hemangioma? An accumulation of capillaries.
What are two common types of hemangioma? Port-Wine Stain and Strawberery
What skin disorder is caused by a loss of melanocytes within the epidermis? Vitiligo
What skin disorder is caused by a benign growth of melanocytes? Lentigo
What is the technical term for a freckle? Ephelide
What is the congenital disorder where there is a complete lack of melanin? Albinism
What is the thickening of stratum corneum inward? Corn
What is the thickening of stratum corneum outward? Callus
What are four major causes for external injury of the epidermis? Mechanical Trauma; Electrical Injury; Radiation Injury; Thermal Injury
Which form of external injury is defined as abrasion, contusion, laceration, incision, or penetrating wound? Mechanical Injury
This from of radiation injury is the #1 form in the world... Ultra Violet Radiation
This burn can go as deep as muscle.. Third degree burn
This burn goes into the epidermis... First degree burn
This burn goes into the dermis ... Second degree burn
These integumentary disorders can be caused by infection, chemicals, or allergens, and is used as a blanket term for a variety of disorders... Eczema or Dermatitis
What is the medical term for dandruff, or cradle cap? Seborrheic Dermatitis
What is also known as hyperplasia of the epidermis? Psoriasis
What inflammation due to an allergic reaction is also called hives? Urticaria
Matrix of bone is normally... 35% collagen, 65% hydroxyapetite
What is Genu valgum? Knock Knees
What is caused by the achilles tendon tight drawing the heel up toward the leg? Club foot, (talipes equinovarus)
What is achondroplasia? The most common form of dwarfism.
What causes genu valgum and genu varum? Asymmetric cartilage growth.
What is genu varum? Bowed legs.
What is the condition where the medial arch of the foot is absent, the hind foot is in valgus and the forefoot inverted? Flat Foot (Pes Planus)
What is valgus? The abnormal outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint.
What is varus? The abnormal inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint.
What is hallux valgus? A bunion.
What is the term used for a rare inherited bone disorder characterized by abnormally dense bone where the osteoclasts stop working? Osteopetrosis.
What is the disease characterized by a thickening and disorganization of bone architecture Paget's Disease of Bone.
WHat is the congenital disorder of connective tissues where there is a problem with the synthesis of collagen, and minor movements cause fractures? Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
What disorder results from a vitamin D deficiency causing defective mineralization, leading to increase in collagen and not enough hydroxyapetite? Adults - Osteomalacia --- Children - Rickets
What disorder is caused by a vitamin C deficiency causing a loss of the ability to produce collagen? Scurvy.
This disorder is caused when the lamina of vertebral bones don't fuse fully. Spina Bifida
Arnold Chiari Malformation causes the brain stem to plug the foramen magnum.
This disorder is a disturbance of motor function acquired in utero, during birthing, or soon after delivery. Cerebral Palsy
The #1 form of preventable mental retardation is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Swelling within or surrounding the brain is called... Cerebral Edema
This is when swelling within the brain causes it to meet unyeilding structures compressing nerves and vessels Herniation
Subfalcine Herniation One part of a hemisphere breaks into the other.
The accumulation of excess CSF in the ventricular system of the brain. Hydrocephalus
Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus An obstruction within the ventricular system of the brain causing excess CSF.
Communicating Hydrocephalus CSF accumulation to where it passes out of the ventricular system but is contained within the subarachnoid space.
I.C.P. Increased Intracranial Pressure can be caused by Increased BP, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema
A random misfiring of neurons, or elecrical discharges within the brain is called a seizure.
Aura (Simple Partial) Seizures are seizures that occur without loss of consciousness.
The most common type of seizures in epileptic adults is Petit Mal Seizure (Complex Partial - Temporal Lobe Seizure)
A seizure that doesn't cause loss or impairment of consciousness is A partial seizure
A seizure that involves the entire cerebral cortex and may cause loss of or impaired consciousness A generalized seizure
The most common seizure in children characterized by sudden staring with impaired consciousness is An absence seizure
Describe the postictal phase of a seizure The tail end of the seizure, often coupled with confusion, headache, combativeness, slurred speach, lethargy and/or pain for up to several hours.
What seizure disorder is characterized by abrupt loss of consiousness, and initially stiff muscles, followed by contraction and twitching of the major muscle groups Tonic - Clonic (Grand Mal)
A generalized seizure with sudden brief muscle contractions, singly or in clusters and can affect any muscle group Myoclonic seizure
A generalized seizure where there is a sudden loss of control of muscles causing abrupt collapse and recomposure. Atonic (Drop Seizure)
What is the term for an interruption of blood-flow to the brain Cerebrovascular accident (C.V.A.)
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