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bkx PSY212 T4, P1
PSY-212 Test #4: Part 1: CH 7, Friendships
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Friend | Someone with whom we have an affectionate relationship |
Experience sampling method | An observational technique in which subjects fill out frequent descriptions of who they are with and what is going on |
Domain-general model | A model that attempts to explain a wide range of different behaviors according to a simple general rule (such as |
Reinforcement-affect model | The theory that we like people with whom we associate positive feelings and dislike those with whom we associate negative feelings |
Social exchange | The trading of benefits within relationships |
Equity | A state of affairs in which one persons benefits and costs from a relationship are proportional to the benefits and costs incurred by his or her partner |
Domain-specific model | A model that presumes that the governing principles vary from one domain of behavior to another (such as friendship versus romance versus parent-child relationships) |
Social support | Emotional, material, or information assistance provided by other people |
Health psychology | The study of behavioral and psychological factors that affect illness |
Disclosure | The sharing of intimate information about oneself |
List the Four Models of Social Exchange | 1) Communal sharing, 2) Authority ranking, 3) Equality matching, 4) Market pricing |
Communal sharing | A form of exchange in which members of a group share a pool of resources, taking when they are in need and giving when others are in need |
Authority ranking | A form of exchange in which goods are divided according to a person’s status in the group |
Equality matching | A form of exchange in which each person gets the same as the others |
Market pricing | A form of exchange in which everyone gets out in proportion to what they put in |
Proximity-attraction principle | The tendency to become friends with those who live or work nearby |
Mere exposure effect | The tendency to feel positively toward people, places, or things we have seen frequently |
Social capital | Assets that can be drawn from one’s network of personal relationships |
Shelley Taylor | Noted differences between male & female baboon responses to threats; Similar responses with humans - Women generally respond to stress with “tend and befriend” and men generally respond to stress with “fight or flight” |
Warren Jones | Summarized a number of factors that boost feelings of social isolation including starting college, losing a job, living alone, having inadequate transportation, or even thinking about ending up alone |
Irving Sarnoff & Philip Zombardo | Conducted a study in which subjects were told they would be sucking on various objects related to Freud’s “oral” period of development, and subjects generally opted to wait alone under these potentially embarrassing conditions |
Name Two Factors Reducing Availability of Social Support | 1) Social support loses its appeal when it is tied with evaluation or embarrassment. 2) Social support loses its availability if the person who needs it isolates his/herself by becoming increasingly less desirable to be around. |
Name Two Factors in the Rate of Rumor Spreading | 1) When an event is important 2) When facts are difficult to obtain |
Bram Buunk | Found that people who are low in communal orientation feel best when they are treated equitably and unhappy when they are either getting too much or too little; those high in communal orientation do not feel particularly troubled by inequality |
Three Distinctions: Western vs. Non-Western Relationships | 1) Western are freely chosen; non-western are involuntary 2) Non-western are more permanent and continuous than western 3) Western are individualistic; non-western relationships are collectivistic. |
Five Effects of the Need to Belong | 1) Social anxiety 2) Loneliness 3) Social Depression 4) Jealousy 5) Death Anxiety |
Disaffiliation | When you don't want to be with a group |