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bkx PSY212 T4, P3
PSY-212 Test #4: Part 3: CH 9, Helping Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prosocial behavior | Action intended to benefit another |
| Pure (true) altruism | Action intended solely to benefit another |
| Inclusive fitness | The survival of one’s genes in one’s own offspring and in any relatives one helps |
| Reciprocal aid | Helping that occurs in return for prior help |
| Social responsibility norm | The societal rule that people should help those who need them to help |
| Bystander effect | The tendency of a bystander to be less likely to help in an emergency of there are other onlookers present |
| Diffusion of responsibility | The tendency for each group member to dilute personal responsibility for acting by spreading it among all other group members |
| Pluralistic ignorance | The mistaken impression on the part of group members that, because no one else is acting concerned, there is no cause for alarm |
| Personalized norms | The internalized beliefs and values that combine to form a person’s inner standards for behavior |
| Arousal/cost-reward model | The view that observers of a victim’s suffering will want to help in order to relieve their own personal distress |
| Mood management hypothesis | The idea that people use helping tactically manage their moods |
| Perspective taking | The process of mentally putting oneself in another’s position |
| Empathy-altruism hypothesis | The presumption that when one empathizes with the plight of another, one will want to help that other for purely altruistic reasons |
| Empathetic concern | Compassionate feelings caused by taking the perspective of a needy other |
| List Two Evolutionary Benefits of Help | 1) Protecting our kin 2) Reciprocal aid |
| List Two Learned Causes of Help | 1) Instilled beliefs 2) Expanded sense of "we" |
| List Three Conditions that Make Helping Most Likely | 1) When the arousal is strong 2) When there is a "we" connection between the victim and helper 3) When reducing arousal through helping involves small costs and large rewards |
| Kitty Genovese | In front of 38 people, a man assaulted her three separate times over the course of an hour, leaving and coming back, without anyone ever intervening or even calling the police. They all assumed that someone else would. |
| Confusion of Responsibility | A lot of people don’t want to help someone in case people think they’re actually hurting instead of helping; fear of being accused. |
| Good Mood Effect | When we help, it makes us feel good. |
| Negative State Relief Model (mood management hypothesis) | When people are in a mild to moderately bad mood, they will help to make themselves feel better. |
| Empathetic concern vs. personal distress | -People who act out of empathic concern cannot not help. They cannot walk away. People who act out of personal distress may help. They have alternatives for feeling better. -Personality traits, not responses |
| Five Parts of Decision Model | 1) Must notice the situation 2) Must interpret the situation as an emergency 3) Must feel responsible for helping 4) Identify a way to help 5) Help |
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bamkapowxo
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