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A&P 3 Final Assignmt

CanColl May 2012 A&P 3 Final Assignment

QuestionAnswer
What is the structure called that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus? infundibulum aka the pituitary stalk
Where to releasing and inhibiting hormones come from? hypothalamus
What does the term tropic hormone mean? tropins are hormones that influence other endocrine glands
Effects of insulin decreases blood sugar levels
effects of TSH regulates metabolism
effects of LH stimulates ovulation
effects of ADH increases water absorption by the kidneys
effects of Glucagon increases blood sugar levels
effects of prolactin initiates and maintains milk production
effects of ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol
effects of oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and ejects milk
effects of hGH stimulates rate of growth of skeleton and skeletal mm's
effects of FSH stimulates development of folicles
effects of MSH causes skin to darken
What 2 hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland? oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
what are the actions of oxytocin enhances contraction of the uterus during birthing process and stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
in pregnancy, oxytocin has 2 target tissues - what are they? uterus and breasts
Name the 3 target tissues of ADH kidneys, sweat glands, arterioles
what are the effects of ADH on each of it's target tissues? KIDNEYS - retain more water - inc Na+ reabsorption. SWEAT GLANDS - decrease amount of water secreted. ARTERIOLES - constrict, thereby inc BP
what type of cell is most abundant in the pancreas? Acini
Are the ancini endocrine or exocrine in nature? exocrine
what is difference between endocrine and exocrine? endocrine glands release their hormones into the bloodstream. exocrine glands release their hormones to the outside of the body via ducts.
Name the 4 types of cells found in the pancreatic islets: Alpha, beta, delta and F cells
name the hormone that each one secretes: alpha - glucagon. beta - insulin. delta - somatostatin. F cells - pancreatic polypeptide
what is the meaning of glycogenolysis converts glycogen into glucose
what is the meaning of gluconeogenesis formation of glucose from lactic and amino acids
what is the meaning of glycogenesis conversion of glucose into glycogen
what is the meaning of lipolysis fat being broken down
what is the meaning of lipogenesis synthesis of amino acids into fatty acids
does insulin increase or decrease glycogenolysis decrease
does insulin increase or decrease glycogenesis increase
does insulin increase or decrease gluconeogenesis decrease
does insulin increase or decrease lipogenesis increase
does insulin increase or decrease protein synthesis increase
what causes the release of glucagons - and increase or a decrease in blood sugar? decrease
What is the main affect of insulin? lowers blood glucose levels
what is the other name of the pancreatic islets? islets of langerhans
Mari is a 3 year old girl constantly up and down in her moods. Always hungry, drinks incessantly. Is her blood glucose levels too high or too low? too high
choose the most likely diagnosis in the previous question - Type 2 diabetes, diabetes insipidus, type 1 diabetes, acromegaly Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Karl presents with pain in his jaw and forehead. Also headaces (for the first time). The skin on his eyes, tongue and lips has thickened - where is the problem located? anterior pituitary gland
what is the most likely diagnosis in the previous question - dwarfism, giantism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus acromegaly
John is 4 yo. chronic bedwetting. Always thirsty, but cannot hold bladder at night - where is his prob? post pituitary, pancreas, ant pituitary or hypothalamus posterior pituitary gland
what is the most likely diagnosis in the previous question? diabetes type 1, type 2, insipidus or hyperinsulinism diabetes insipidus
what is the structure that connects the 2 lobes of the thyroid? isthmus
what hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland? T3 and T4
What type of cells secretes T3 and T 4? Follicular
Which type of hormone is more potent - T3 or T4? T3
What cells secrete calcitonin? parafollicular aka C Cells
What are the main three actions of the thyroid hormones? A oxygen use and basal metabolic rate. B cellular metabolism. C growth & developmt in children.
How do thyroid hormones speed up body growth? stimulates protein synthesis
what 2 hormones do the thyroid hormones enhance? epinephrine and norepinephrine
What stimulates the production of thyroid hormones TSH
The size and secretion of thyroid hormones are controlled in 2 ways - describe the two ways. 1. idodine levels 2. actions of TRH nad TSH
Where does TSH come from? Anterior pituitary gland
Where does TRH come from? Hypothalamus
Cathy is 44 - low energy, difficulty losing weight, fatigued. T3, T4 and TSH are below normal - but TRH is normal. Where is problem? Anterior pituitary gland
What is the most likely diagnosis in the previous question? Primary, secondary, tertiary hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism? Secondary hypothyroidism
54 yo female - profuse sweating, diarrhea, nervousness + extreme fatigue. enlarged thyroid and exophthalmos. high T3, T4, TRH & TSH. Is this Graves, Primary hypothyroidism, myxedema or cretinism? Grave's disease
What are the 2 types of cells in the parathyroid gland? principal & oxyphil
Which cells (of the parathyroid) secrete PTH? principal cells
Which is not an effect of PTH? 1- inc # & activity of osteoclasts 2- inc blood phospates 3-inc blood calcium 4-promote formation of calcitriol by kidneys? increases blood phosphate levels
Which stimulates principal cells of parathyroid gland - high blood calcium or low blood calcium? low blood calcium
Male 65, severe px in hip after fall. Normal T3 T4 TSH & TRH. Calcium is high with phospates in urine. is this hypothyroidism, rickets, osteomalcia or hyperthyroidism? Osteomalacia
Created by: Hanz Onn
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