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Path2 Lec 9 Assignmt

CanColl May 2012 Path 2 Lec 9 Assgnmt & Review Dec 2011

QuestionAnswer
A simple partial seizure (does or does not) involve a loss of consciousness. Does not
A simple partial seizure involves (one or both hemispheres of the brain. One
Generalized seizures (do or do not) involve unconsciousness. Do involve
Generalized seizures involves (one or both hemispheres of the brain. Both
Which type of seizure is more commmon in children - simple partial or generalized? Generalized - both hemispheres
What is another name for the Grand Mal seizure? Tonic / Clonic
Which type of seizure ( Grand Mal or Petit Mal) involves rhythmic contractions and relaxations of muscles? Grand Mal
True or False: Electroencephalograms are useful in diagnosing seizures. True
What is another name for the type of seizure that is called a "Drop Attack"? Atonic aka Akinetic - there is a sudden loss of mm tone
What is another name for the Petit Mal? Absent seizure
A petit mal may present present with a blank stare, unreponsiveness and excessive (blinking or screaming)? blinking
Children with petit mal seizures may be mis-diagnosed as having what condition? Attention Deficit Disorder
Anoxia in permature babies may lead to A. Alzheimer's B. Parkinson's C. cerebral palsy D. myasthenia gravis Cerebral Palsy
Which stage of Alzheimer's: Confusional stage likely to last for several years, client may become hostile and abusive. Stage 2
Which stage of Alzheimer's: Short-term memory loss with mild changes in personality. Stage 1
Which stage of Alzheimer's: Inability to communicate, incontinence Stage 3
True or False: Parkinson's disease is characterized by an increase of neurons in the substantia nigra. False - is it characterized by the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra
A scissors gait pattern is typical of which CNS disorder: A. multiple sclerosis B. Parkinson's Disease C. cerebral palsy D. tibial nerve injury Cerebral Palsy
What aspect of Alzheimer's: narrowing of the gyri and widening of the sulci Cortical atrophy - like a drying up of the brain
What aspect of Alzheimer's: patches of degenerating neurons (scar) found in parts of the brain Neuritic plaques
What aspect of Alzheimer's: Tendency of patients (stage 2) to wander Sundown Syndrome
What aspect of Alzheimer's: a neurotransmitter required for memory and which is decreased with the disease Acetylcholine
What aspect of Alzheimer's: Fibrous proteins in helical fashion within abnormal neurons of patients with Alzheimer's Neurofibrillary tangles
True or False: Seizures are rare disorders False
True or False: Seizures are most commonly idiopathic True (the cause is unknown)
True or False: Seizures are symptoms, not diseases True (symptoms of underlying CNS disfunctions)
True or False: A provoked seizure is also known as a primary seizure False
True or False: A Jacksonian seizure is one where there is progression of the location of the seizure thru the primary motor cortex of the brain True
Principal S&S of Parkinson's: A rigidity, aphasia B hemiplegia, drooling, resting tremours C resting tremours, rigidity and bradykinesia D resting tremours, rigid and mental lapses Resting tremours, rigidity and bradykinesia
Degenerative diseases of the CNS are characterized by slow loss of neurons. Alzheimer's is due to a loss of neurons in the ______________? Cerebral cortex (memory)
Parkinson's is due to a loss of neurons in which region of the brain? Basal ganglia (motor)
What is the main symptom or hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's disease? Loss of short-term memory and denial of such memory loss
How many stages are there set out for Alzheimer's disease? Three
What is the main characteristic of stage 2 Alzheimer's Sundown Syndrome
What is significant about stage 3 Alzheimer's (other that that fact that it is the last stage)? The person loses control of bladder and bowels - cannot recognize family or friends - and - must be institutionalized
With Alzheimer's the sulci widen and the gyri shrink. What happens to the ventricles? They enlarge
Microscopically, the hallmark of Alzheimer's is the presence of what two conditions? neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
A loss of neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia describes what disease? Parkinson's Disease
What does bradykinesia mean? The slowing down of movement
What is a festinating gait? Short accelerated steps
As motor functions are impaired with Parkinson's, what are the common signs? Resting tremours, mm rigidity, festinating gait, stooped posture and bradykinesia
The severity of the motor syndrome (Parkinson's) is proportional to the dopamine deficiency - which may be partially corrected by what therapy? L-DOPA (artificial hormone) replacement therapy
Microscopically - what happens to the substantia nigra during Parkinson's? There is pallor (loss of pigmentation) or lightening of the tissues.
What is a Lewy body? Characteristic of Parkinson's - a mass found in the neural tissue
The clinical manifestation of an abnormal, uncontrolled electrical discharge within the neurons of the brain is termed? A seizure
A seizure is a (disease or symptom)? symptom (of an underlying CNS disfunction)
A Jacksonian seizure is related to which type of seizure? Partial seizure.
What is meant by automatisms? Repetitive, non-purposeful movements such as lip smacking, patting a body part or chewing motions
What type of seizure is characterized by the presence of automatisms? Complex partial seizure
Name the three categories of generalized seizures. Absent (petit mal), Tonic-Clonic (grand mal) and Atonic (Akinetic) aka Drop Attack
What type of seizure is non-convulsive and occur only in children? petit mal
Name the three types of cerebral palsy. Spastic, athetoid and ataxic.
Which is the most common type of cerebral palsy? Spastic 70%
Cerebral palsy is primarily affects the (motor or sensory) areas of the brain. Motor
The highest incidence of CP occurs in premature babies and is due to? Anoxia (a total lack of oxygen)
What are the clinical manifestations of CP? MM weakness, spasm, underdevelopment of affected limbs, disturbed balance and incoordination. The child walks on toes with a scissors gait and falls easily.
Created by: Hanz Onn
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