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Knee Ankle Foot
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the quadricep muscles | rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius |
| vastus medialis origin, insertions (2) | o: linea aspera of femur, medial line i: base of patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon |
| vastus medialis action | knee extension (leg) |
| vastus lateralis origin, insertions (2) | o: linea aspera of femur, lateral line i: base of patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon |
| vastus lateralis action | knee extension (leg) |
| name the hamstring muscles | biceps femoris,semitendinosus, semimembranosus |
| action of the hamstring muscles in relation to the knee/ankle/foot segment | knee flexion (leg) |
| gastrocnemius origins (2), insertion | o: lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur, medial supracondylar ridge of the femur i: calcaneus (achilles) |
| gastrocnemius actions | knee flexion (leg), plantar flexion (ankle) |
| peroneus longus origins (2), insertions (2) | o:head of fibula, superior 2/3 of fibula shaft, lateral surface i: lateral tuberosity of 1st metatarsal, medial (1st( cuneiform |
| peroneus longus actions (2) | ankle eversion plantar flexion |
| tibialis anterior origins (3), insertions (2) | o: lateral epicondyle of tibia, superior 1/2 of tibial shaft antero lateral surface, interosseus membrane i: medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal |
| tibialis anterior actions | dorsiflexion, ankle inversion |
| abductor hallucis origin, insertion | o: calcaneus tuberosity, medial process (medial tubercle of calcaneus) i: base of proximal phalange 1, medial surface |
| abductor hallucis action | hallux (big toe) abduction |
| flexor digitorum brevis origin, insertion | o: calcaneus tuberosity, medial process (medial tubercle of calcaneus) i: medial phalanges 2 - 5 plantar surface |
| flexor digitorum brevis action | toe flexion |
| abductor digiti minimi pedis origin, insertion | o: calcaneus tuberosity, lateral process i: base of 5th proximal phalange, lateral surface |
| abductor digiti minimi pedis action | lillte toe abduction |
| the functional unit of the knee is made up of what 3 bones | femur, tibia, patella |
| movements allowed at the knee | flexion, extension |
| name the ligaments of the knee | medial and lateral collateral ligaments, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments |
| collateral ligaments | are located on each side of the knee, run parallel, and are stabilizing |
| cruciate ligaments | extend from the head of the tibia to the femur. The ACL is lateral and the PCL is medial, criss-cross each other in opposite directions and prevent the femur from rolling off the tibia |
| cartillage of the knee | meniscus |
| functions of the meniscus | shock absorption, congruence (fit between femur and tibia) |
| the functional unit of the ankle is made up of what 3 bones | tibia, fibula, talus |
| movements possible at the ankle | dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion |
| malleolus | bony prominences of the ankle, formed by the fibula (lateral malleolus) and the tibia (medial malleolus) |
| mortise | the cup shape formed by the distal ends of the tibia and fibula, creating a shape for the talus |
| interosseous membrane | the stabilizing structure of fibrous tissue connecting the fibula and tibia |
| the foot is formed by what bones | tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
| how many tarsals metatarsals and phalanges per foot | 3 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges |
| the 3 tarsal bones | talus, calcaneus, cuneiform |
| talus | bone of the ankle that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, no muscle attaches directly on it |
| calcaneus | forms the heel bone, takes up most of the posterior aspect of the foot |
| cuneiform | 3 bones between the tarsals and metatarsals: lateral (3rd) cuneiform, intermedial (2nd) cuneiform, medial (1st) cuneiform |
| metatarsals | 5 in each foot, numbered 1 to 5 from big toe (hallux or 1st metatarsal) to the pinky (5th metatarsal), have a base, shaft and head |
| phalanges | 14 per foot, the big toe has two and all others have 3 - distal, medial, proximal |
| arches | formed by tarsals and dome-shape of metatarsals under the foot, have a medial and lateral longitudinal arch, as well as a transversal arch, allows for better shock absorption and spring |
| the quadriceps all share the same ____ | insertion, base of the patella and tibial tuberosity via the infrapatellar tendon |
| action of the quadriceps on the knee | extension of the knee |
| the hamstrings all share the same ____ | origin - ishial tuberosity of the coxal bone |
| action of the hamstrings on the knee | knee flexion |
| the muscles of the foot all share the same ____ | origin - calcaneus |
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