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Cognitive Psychology
AQA AS Psychology - Cognitive Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Duration | How long memory lasts |
| Capacity | How much can be held in memory |
| Encoding | Transferring items of info into code, creating a 'trace' |
| Peterson & Peterson's (1959) investigation of duration of STM | Ps shown nonsense trigrams and asked to recall them after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18secs. During pause they performed an interferance task. They found when rehearsal is prevented, very little can stay in STM longer than 18secs. |
| Bahrick et al (1975) study on LTM | 392 Ps asked top recall ex-classmates (free-recall test). They were shown photos and asked to recall names of people shown (photo recognition test) or given names and asked to match them to a photo (name-recognition test). |
| Jacobs (1887) studied capacity of STM | Ps were presented with a long string of digits. He concluded STM has a limited storage capacity of 5 to 9 items. This research lacks ecological validity due to how is was conducted. |
| Miller's (1956) review of research into STM | Found the capacity of STM to be 7 plus or minus 2. He suggested 'chunking' is used to combine individual letters or numbers into larger, more meaningful units (eg. telephone numbers, acronyms) |
| The type of coding mainly used in STM | Acoustic coding |
| The type of coding mainly used in LTM | Semantic coding |
| Baddeley (1966) investigated coding in STM and LTM | Ps given four sets of words: either acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar or semantically dissimilar. Using independent groups, Ps were asked to recall either immediately or following a 20min task. |
| Multi-Store Model | Atkinson & Shiffrin's model of memory: contains SM, STM and LTM |
| Working Memory Model | Baddeley & Hitch's model of memory: contains the articulatory-phonological loop, the central executive and the visuo-spatial sketchpad |
| Articulatory-phonological loop. | One of the 'slave systems' proposed in the WMM. Holds speech-based information. Consists of the 'inner ear' and the 'inner voice'. |
| Visuo-spatial sketchpad. | One of the 'slave systems' proposed in the WMM. Deals with temporary storage of visual and spatial information. |
Created by:
goldrushx
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