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TOP Chapter 1
Intro to Personality Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did the ancient Greeks perceive personality? | They had a Dionysian view: they saw the body as a cage and had the concept of transmigration |
| What is transmigration? | to pass at death from one body or being to another |
| three parts that the ancient Greeks believed to make up the personality | Personare (the mouthpiece), Persona (the mask), and Character (engraving on the mask aka specific aspects of the mask) |
| Personality | A pattern of relatively permanent traits and characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior |
| Traits | relatively permanent dispositions of an individual, which is inferred from behavior |
| Characteristics | unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence |
| theory | a set of related assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses |
| A theory is a set of ________. | assumptions |
| A theory is a set of _________ assumptions. | related |
| __________________ is used by the researcher to formulate hypotheses | logical deductive reasoning |
| epistemology | the nature of knowledge |
| science | the branch of study concerned with observation and classification of data and with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypotheses |
| hypothesis | an educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through the use of the scientific method |
| deductive reasoning | going from general to specific |
| inductive reasoning | going from specific to general |
| taxonomy | a classification of things according to their natural relationships |
| Why do different theories exist? | alternate theories exist because of the very nature of a theory allows the theorist to make speculations from a particular point of view |
| Psychology of science | a subdisipline of psychology that studies both science and the behaviors of scientists |
| What makes a theory useful? | generates research, falsifiable, organizes data, guides action, internally consistent, and parsimonious |
| descriptive research | research concerned with the measurement, labeling, and categorization of the units employed in theory building |
| falsifiable theory | a theory that must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets |
| operational definition | definition that defines units in terms of observable events or behaviors that can be measured |
| parsimony | criterion of a useful theory that states when two theories are equal on other criteria, the simpler one is preferred |
| causality | holds that behavior is a function of past experiences |
| teleology | explanation of behavior in terms of future goals or purposes |
| validity | the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure |
| construct validity | the extent to which an instrument measures some hypothetical construct |
| examples of construct validity | extraversion, aggressiveness, intelligence, and emotional stability |
| 3 types of construct validity | convergent validity, divergent validity, and discriminant validity |
| predictive validity | the extent that a test predicts some future behavior |
Created by:
Ellemkay
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