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What is Psychology
Chapter 1 Essentials of Psychology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The Science of behavior and mental processes | PSYCHOLOGY |
Approach to knowledge based on systematic observation | SCIENCE |
Directly observable and measurable human actions | BEHAVIOR |
Private psychological activities that include thinking,perceiving, and feeling | MENTAL PROCESSES |
Tentative explanations of facts and relationships in sciences | THEORIES |
The process of looking inward at one's own consciousness | INTROSPECTION |
The nineteenth-century school of psychology that sought to determine the structure of the mind-through controlled introspection | STRUCTURALISM |
The school of thought based on the belief that human consciousness cannot be broken down into its elements | GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY |
An organized or unified whole | GESTALT |
The perception of apparent movement between two stationary stimuli | PHI PHENOMENON |
The nineteenth-century school of psychology that emphasized the useful functions of consciousness | FUNCTIONALISM |
Mental processes of Perceiving,believing,thinking, remembering, knowing,deciding, and so on | COGNITION |
The viewpoint in psychology that emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes, such as perception, memory, and thinking | COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY |
The school of psychology that emphasizes the process of learning and the measurement of overt behavior | BEHAVIORISM |
The viewpoint that the most important aspects of our behavior are learned from other persons in society-family,friends, and culture | SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY |
All mental activity of which we are unaware | UNCONSCIOUS MIND |
Internal states or conditions that activate behavior and give it direction | MOTIVES |
The technique of helping persons with emotional problems based on Sigmund Freud's theory of the unconscious mind | PSYCHOANALYSIS |
The psychological view that human beings possess an innate tendency to improve and determine their lives by the decisions they make | HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY |
The Viewpoint in Psychology that focuses on the nervous system in explaining behavior and mental processes | NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE |
The theory of psychology that states that it is necessary to understand one's culture,ethnic identity, and other sociocultural factors to fully understand a person | SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE |
A group of persons who are descendants of a common group of ancestors | ETHNIC GROUP |
Each person's sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group | ETHNIC IDENTITY |
One's view of oneself as male or female | GENDER IDENTITY |
The perspective that promotes thinking of different cultures in relative terms rather than judgmental terms | CULTURAL RELATIVITY |
Psychologists who use knowledge of psychology to solve and prevent human problems | APPLIED PSYCHOLOGISTS |
Methods of gathering information based on systematic observation | SCIENTIFIC METHODS |
A research method that utilizes interviews and questionnaires with individuals in the community | SURVEY METHOD |
A research method based on recording behavior as it occurs in natural life settings | NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION |
The method of studying people while they are receiving psychological help from psychologist | CLINICAL METHOD |
A research method that measures the strength of the relation between variables | CORRELATIONAL METHOD |
A factor whose numerical value can change | VARIABLE |
Capable of being measured in numerical terms | QUANTITATIVE MEASURES |
The variable whose quantitative value depends on the effects of the independent variable | DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
The variable whose quantitative value can be independently controlled by the researcher | INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
The group in simple experiments that receives none of the independent variable and is used for comparisons with the treatment group | CONTROL GROUP |
The group in an experiment that receives some value of the independent variable | EXPERIMENTAL GROUP |