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Leach PSY chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stimulus | a feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or that leads to a change in behavior |
| response | an observable reaction to a stimulus |
| conditioning | a type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus |
| classical conditioning | a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response |
| unconditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, naturally occurring response |
| unconditioned response | in classical conditioning, an unlearned response |
| conditioned response | a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus |
| conditioned stimulus | a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response |
| taste aversion | a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation |
| extinction | in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus |
| spontaneous recovery | the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed |
| generalization | the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics |
| discrimination | in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stumuli that are similar |
| flooding | based on the principles of classical conditioning, a fear-reduction technique that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stilmulus are extinguished |
| systematic desensitization | a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli |
| counterconditioning | a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response |
| operant conditioning | learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement |
| reinforcement | a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response |
| primary reinforcers | stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning |
| secondary reinforcers | stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer |
| positive reinforcers | encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented |
| negative reinforcers | an unpleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior when it is removed |
| schedule of reinforcement | a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs |
| continuous reinforcement | the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs |
| partial reinforcement | a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced |
| shaping | in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal |
| latent learning | learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it |
| observational learning | learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others |
Created by:
CoachLeach
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