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Pathology test 3
Third pathology test for MT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis | Is inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis is most often caused by infection, certain drugs or excessive alcohol intake. Three viruses are the most common sources of infection: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. |
| Hepatitis A Description | most common and most easily transmissible viral infection of the liver. It is acquired by drinking contaminated water or passed from person to person via the fecal oral route. |
| Hepatitis A signs and symptoms | Signs and symptoms of hepatitis A include nausea, vomiting weakness, fever, loss of appetite, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine). |
| Hepatitis A massage | This is contagious and massage is contraindicated until most symptoms have resolved (usually about 3-6 weeks) |
| Hepatitis B description | is passed via exchange body fluids (primarily blood, semen and vaginal fluid, but may be passed via the saliva). Some people with hepatitis B develop chronic infections that may lead to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer. |
| Hepatitis B signs and symptoms | The signs and symptoms of acute infection are similar to hepatitis A. |
| Hepatitis B massage | Contraindicated while acute |
| Hepatitis C description | is also passed via the exchange of body fluids - blood, semen, and vaginal fluid. |
| Hepatitis C signs and symptoms | Signs and symptoms of initial infection may be similar to hepatitis A and B but jaundice is not as common like hepatitis B, chronic infection is possible. |
| Hepatitis C signs massage | Acute hepatitis from any source contraindicates massage. In the case of a chronic infection, overall health status should be considered. |
| Cancer description | involves mutation of cells resulting in abnormal function of those cells. Cancer can affect most any part of the body and sometimes cancer spreads from the original site to distant sites throughout the body. We call this metastasis. |
| Cancer signs and symptoms | May include abnormal bleeding, skin lesions, change in bowel or bladder habits, more infections persistent cough or hoarseness, lumps or swelling, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and fever. Pain is possible, but often occurs late in the disease. |
| Cancer massage | Massage directly over a tumor, a swollen lymph node, or a skin lesion is contraindicated. Some clients with cancer may have circulatory impairment. In these clients, massage may not be well |
| Lupus | an autoimmune diseased where various tissues are attacked by the body's own antibodies. |
| Discoid lupus | is a chronic skin condition. It can involve round, red, scaly patches that do not itch and the "butterfly rash"(aka malaria rash) across the nose and cheeks |
| Systemic lupus | is the most common and most serious form of the disease. It can affect the skin, joints, heart, blood, lungs, kidneys and brain. |
| Lupus massage | During acute flares massage is contraindicated. During periods of remission massage is more appropriate, but vigorous or lengthy sessions may not be well tolerated. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus discription | attacks a type of cell known as the helper T-cell. By inactivation helper T-Cells, HIV causes dysfunction of the entire immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to infections (including opportunistic infections) and certain cancers. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus signs and symptoms | Signs and symptoms of initial infection include fever, fatigue, headache, swollen glands, weight loss, and confusion. It is often mistaken for influenza. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus massage | Massage is indicated for asymptomatic clients. It is always necessary to ensure that you, the therapist, do not pose a threat to the HIV infected client. During acute infectious illness, massage is not appropriate. |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome description | By inactivation helper T-Cells, HIV causes dysfunction of the entire immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to infections. When an infected individual's t-cell count drops to 200 cells per milliliter or below the individual is diagnosed with___ |
| Requirements for getting Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 1. The proper environment (IE blood, semen, or vaginal fluid). 2. Port of entry into the body. 3. Large enough concentration of the virus. |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome massage | In advanced stages of AIDs some limited measures may be helpful, but of course, it is necessary to consult the client's physician prior to rendering massage. The use of gloves is appropriate when working on immuno-suppressed clients. |
| Heart Attack description | Caused by injury or death of the cardiac muscle when blood flow through the coronary arteries is impeded or blocked. It is often due to arteriosclerosis affecting the coronary arteries. |
| Heart Attack signs and symptoms | Some heart attacks are silent, there are no symptoms. When symptoms do occur they include chest pain, pain in the left arm or left side of the neck and jaw, shortness of berate, nausea, diaphoresis(sweating) and light headedness(anxiousness) |
| Heart Attack massage | Anyone complaining of these symptoms should be referred for immediate medical evaluation.Heart attack survivors may/may not be good a candidate for massage or hydrotherapy depending upon their current health. |
| Heart Failure description | Condition in which the heart no longer functions well enough to keep up with the demands of the body.Usually progresses slowly.May be left-sided, right sided or both.Caused by damage to the heart muscle, causes inability of the heart to pump effective |
| Heart Failure signs and symptoms | include chest pain, cold clammy skin, a fast irregular pulse, coughing (especially when lying down), shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. |
| Heart Failure massage | Rigorous circulatory massage and hydrotherapy are contraindicated in clients with heart failure as their system is unable to accommodate changes in the internal environment |
| Hypertension description | The medical term for high blood pressure, which refers to the force exerted on the walls of the arteries (blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart) as blood is pumped through the arteries. |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome signs and symptoms | A period of inactive and lack of symptoms typical follows the initial infection. When the T-cell count falls and ___ occurs, symptoms will depend upon the condition that develops |
| Ichythosis description | A rare disorder of unknown etiology (cause) leading to pathologically dry skin Ichthyosis creates distinctive diamond shaped scales on the skin, usually on the lower legs. |
| Ichythosis cause | It may occur in otherwise healthy individuals. However in some cases it is associated with disorders such as HIV/AIDS hypothyroidism, and lymphoma. In infants it may be associated with certain congenital abnormalities. Usually cause is unknown. |
| Ichythosis massage | Massage is indicated if no deep cracking of the skin or open lesions are present. If there is an underlying disorder it must be considered. |
| Hypertension Signs and Symptoms | Clients may be asymptomatic, howeversubtle signs such as headache, excessive sweating, shortness of breath, and mild ankle swelling may be present. |
| Hypertension Massage | Well controlled circulatory massage may be permitted providing there are no other contraindications.Rigorous fast paced massage may not be well taken. Watch for signs that massage is over-challenging the body including nausea sweating clammy skin. No |
| Influenza and the common cold Description | Respiratory infections caused by viruses. Influenza is a more aggressive infection that may even result in death, particularly in vulnerable populations. |
| Influenza and the common cold Signs and Symptoms | Influenza includes fever and chills, muscle and joint aches, nausea and vomiting, cough, sore throat, congestion. Common cold includes low-grade fever, congestion, cough, sore throat and ear pain |
| Influenza and the common cold Massage | Not appropriate in the acute stage of any respiratory infection. In the sub acute stage, massage may be helpful. |
| Pneumonia description | Term for inflammation of the lung, usually caused by an infectious agent. Viruses and bacteria are the most common causes of infectious pneumonia. |
| Pneumonia Signs and Symptoms | Fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pain with breathing. |
| Pneumonia Massage | Massage is contraindicated in the acute stage but may be helpful in the sub acute stage. |
| Hemophilia Description | Genetic disorder resulting in prolonged bleeding due to absence or deficiency of certain plasma proteins known as clotting factors. This disorder is far more common in men than women. It may be classified as mild, moderate, or severe. |
| Hemophilia Signs and Symptoms | Easy bruising, prolonged bleeding after trauma, nose bleeds, blood in the urine and joint pain due to bleeding in the joint |
| Hemophilia Massage | Massage contraindicated in anyone with severe hemophilia. In mild to moderate cases consult with the client's physician before providing massage. If massage is approved, light, superficial strokes are advised |
| Arterial Embolism description | may block the flow of blood through an organ or an extremity. Can lead to kidney failure, heart attack and stroke. |
| Arterial Embolism signs and symptoms | numbness, weakness, bluish color, and cool to the touch in affected limb. |
| Arterial Embolism massage | Massage is contraindicated in anyone with a known or suspected _____ |
| Diabetes Mellitus description | a condition characterized by high blood sugar. There are two types. |
| Type 1 diabetes description | diabetes involves destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. These cells produce insulin which allows sugar to be used by the body's cells. When insulin is not produced sugar remains in the blood. |
| Diabetes Mellitus signs and symptoms | triade: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagica. (excessive urination, excessive thirst, excessive hunger.) Other symptoms include weight loss, nausea, vomiting, etc. |
| Diabetes Mellitus massage | No vigorous circulatory massage Gentle relaxing massage is ok. No lengthy sessions. Open wounds, areas of decreased sensation, or hypersensitive areas should be avoided. |
| Aneurysm description | An aneurysm is a weak area in the wall of a blood vessel, resulting in a bulge in the vessel. |
| Aneurysm common places | The most common sites for ____ are the brain and the aorta (thoracic or abdominal.) |
| Varicose Veins Description | Distended veins, usually in the legs, caused by vascular incompetence. |
| Varicose Veins Signs and Symptoms | Dilated, elevated, often bluish or purple cord-like veins that twist and turn. They are most common on the medial calf, but are also found elsewhere on the leg and thigh |
| Varicose Veins Massage | Locally contraindicate massage over the veins or distal to the veins. Heat treatments cause blood to accumulate in the lower extremities are also contraindicated. Treatments include support hose, elevation of the legs whenever possible, and surgery |
| Aneurysm signs that they are present | In a thin person, an abdominal __ may produce a pulsating mass near the umbilicus (belly button) and cause loss of appetite, reduced urine output and back pain. Thoracic ___ may produce difficulty swallowing, hoarseness coughing and chest pain. |
| Aneurysm sign that its ruptured | Rupture of __ in the brain may lead to hemorrhagic stroke. Immediately prior to rupture, symptoms may include severe headache, nausea, vomiting, vision impairment and loss of consciousness, seizure. |
| Aneurysm Massage | Contraindicated |
| Thrombophlebitis Description | Inflammation in superficial veins due to blood clots |
| Thrombophlebitis Signs and Symptoms | Redness, heat, pain, swelling, and itching, along with a hard, cord- like feeling of the affected vein. |
| Thrombophlebitis Massage | ?? |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis description | is a clot in a deep vein (most common in the calf or thigh, but may occur elsewhere) that obstructs or partially obstructs the flow of blood. |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis signs and symptoms | Signs and symptoms may include pitting edema distal to the clot, redness, heat, and pain. However, the client may be asymptomatic. If part of the clot dislodges it may move to the lungs, This is called a pulmonary embolism. |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis risk factors | Risk factors include immobility, injury, inherited clotting disorders, infections, inflammatory diseases, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, cancer, smoking and obesity. |
| Pulmonary Embolism signs and symptoms | shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. This is a emergency and may be fatal. |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis AND Pulmonary Embolism and massage | Massage is contraindicated in anyone with a known or suspected blood clot. Following treatment, consult with a client's physician regarding the appropriateness of massage. |
Created by:
JPZepeda
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